Biomechanics

Question 1

DEFINITION OF BIOMECHANICS

Answer 1

The study of the mechanics of a living body, especially of the forces exerted by muscles and gravity on the skeletal structure

Question 2

PURPOSE OF BIOMECHANICS (3)

Answer 2

• prevention of injury
• development of sporting equipment
• improved performance

Question 3

ANATOMICAL PLANES OF MOVEMENT (3)

Answer 3

• sagittal plane (right/left)
• frontal plane (front/back)
• transverse plane (top/bottom)

Question 4

DIRECTIONAL TERMS (6)

Answer 4

Medial - towards the midline of the body
Lateral - away from the midline of the body
Superior - upper part of the body
Inferior - lower part of the body
Anterior - front of the body
Posterior - back of the body

Question 5

LINEAR MOTION DEFINITION

Answer 5

Movement of a body in a straight line Eg. Skating on ice

Question 6

ANGULAR MOTION DEFINITION

Answer 6

Movement of a body part around an axis Eg. Front salt

Question 7

GENERAL MOTION DEFINITION

Answer 7

Combination of angular and linear motion Eg. Running

Question 8

DISTANCE VS DISPLACEMENT

Answer 8

Distance - the length of a path a body follows

Displacement - the length of a straight line, joining the starting and finishing points

Question 9

SPEED DEFINITION (2)

Answer 9

The rate at which and object moves from one point to another

Speed = distance (m) / time (secs)

Question 10

VELOCITY DEFINITION (2)

Answer 10

Measures rate of positional change of an object. Uses displacement rather then distance

Velocity = displacement (m) / time (secs)

Question 11

INTERNAL VS EXTERNAL FORCES

Answer 11

Internal - generated by muscles within the body Eg. Quadricep when kicking a ball

External - generated outside of the body Eg. Gravity, air resistance, water resistance, friction

Question 12

ISOMETRIC VS ISOTONIC

Answer 12

Isometric - applying force without changing the length of muscles

Isotonic - applying for while changing the length of muscles

Question 13

SUB-MAXIMAL VS MAXIMAL FORCE

Answer 13

Sub-maximal - not using full force, used for gaining control Eg. Trapping ball in soccer

Maximal - maximum muscle contraction, used to create maximum force Eg. Throwing a shot put

Question 14

SEQUENTIAL VS SIMULTANEOUS FORCE SUMMATION

Answer 14

Simultaneous - where an explosive action of all body parts occurs at the same time in order to generate more force Eg. Throwing a dart

Sequential - where body parts are moved in a sequence in order to generate a greater force Eg. Kicking a ball

Question 15

INERTIA DEFINITION (2)

Answer 15

Measure of how difficult it is to move an object

greater mass = greater inertia

Question 16

MASS DEFINITION (2)

Answer 16

Amount of matter that makes up an object, measured in kilograms

greater mass = greater inertia

Question 17

WEIGHT DEFINITION (2)

Answer 17

The force exerted by the earths gravity on an object

Weight = mass X acceleration due to gravity

Question 18

NEWTONS FIRST LAW

Answer 18

All bodies will continue in the state that they are in (rest or in motion) unless acted upon by a force

Question 19

FORCE DEFINITION (2)

Answer 19

A push or pull acting upon an object as a result of its interaction with another object

Force = mass X acceleration

Question 20

MOMENTUM DEFINITION (2)

Answer 20

The mount of motion possessed by a moving body

Momentum = mass X velocity

Question 21

IMPULSE DEFINITION (2)

Answer 21

An objects change in momentum

Impulse = force X time

Question 22

NEWTONS SECOND LAW

Answer 22

The acceleration of a body is proportional to the force acting on it, and takes place in the direction the force acts

Question 23

CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

Answer 23

The total momentum of two objects before impact or contact will equal the total momentum after impact

Question 24

NEWTONS THIRD LAW

Answer 24

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction Eg. Walking on the ground