biomechanics Flashcards
inertia
is the resistance of a body/object to a change in its state of angular force
angular momentum
is the rotational motion possessed by an object. angular momentum of a body/object will remain at constant unless an external force is acted upon it
first class lever
fulcrum between force and resistance arm
second class lever
resistance between fulcrum and force
third class lever
force between fulcrum and resistance
factors affecting levers
length of lever, inertia of the lever, amount of force
newtons first law
states that an object will remain at rest unless acted on by an external force
newtons third law
states that for every action there will be an equal and opposite action
newtons second law
states that objects acceleration is directly proportional to the force acting upon it and is indirectly proportional to its mass (F=MxA)
force-motion
relates to the magnitude of the force and the direction of the force applied
impulse momentum (force-time)
impulse is the change in momentum (Impulse=FxT)
coefficient of restitution
refers to the elasticity of an object, it determines the measure of momentum that is conserved
factors that affect cor
materials of interacting surface, velocity of collision, temperature of materials
torque
force that produces a rotational movement around an axis point from an eccentric force
segmental interaction
transfer of energy or momentum between body parts. it is the way the body segments interact to meet the demands of the task
6 points for segmental interaction
body parts move in a sequence to generate the largest force or acceleration possible
movement starts with largest, strongest and slowest segments, working through to the smallest and fastest, resulting in summation of momentum
next segment begins to move as the preceding segment has reached maximum velocity
body needs to be well balanced to aid the transfer of momentum across body segments
follow through is important to prevent deceleration of last segment and safe dissipation of force
all forces are directed to the target
coordination contiuum
is the sequencing approach to develop motion
range of motion
the degree at which a body segment moves around a joint while in motion
balance
the ability of something to maintain or hold its position
increase balance
base of support
increase surface area
lower centre of gravity
maintain line of gravity in middle of base support
optimal projection
height of release, projection angle, velocity or release
