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Kinesiology > Biomechanics > Flashcards

Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Quantitative analysis

A

involves measurement of variables that are thought to optimize or maximize performance
(requires: framework, principles, checklist, techniques)

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2
Q

Qualitative analysis

A

Involves obtaining information, visually or auditorily,
to asses performance

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3
Q

Internal forces

A

generated by muscles
- cause individual body movements

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4
Q

External forces

A

Acting from without (gravity, body contact with ground or
sporting equipment)
- affect total body movements

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5
Q

Linear motion

A

when all parts of the body move the same distance, in the same direction, at the same time

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6
Q

Angular motion

A

Occurs when a body moves along a
circular path, through the same angle, in
the same direction, and at the same time
- all joint motions

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7
Q

General motion

A

A combination of linear and angular
motion
- Includes most athletic and many
everyday activities

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8
Q

Biomechanics

A

Examines the internal and external
forces acting on the human body
and the effects produced by these
forces

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9
Q

Summation of forces and what principle does it apply to

A

The combination of forces produced by different parts of the human body
production of maximum velocity requires the use of all possible joint movements from largest to smallest
applies to principle of maximum effort

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10
Q

Force

A

any action, a push or pull, which tends to cause an object to change
its state of motion by experiencing an acceleration

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11
Q

2 types of motion that result from the application of force and explain

A

Linear: caused by forces which act through a body’s centre of
mass (throwing a ball, pushing a cart).
Angular motion: is caused by forces that do not go through the centre of mass – cause rotation (flex a joint, move an opponent, open a door).

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12
Q

Line of gravity

A

imaginary vertical line passing from the centre of gravity of an object down to the ground.

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13
Q

Mass

A

the measure of how much matter an object has

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14
Q

Center of gravity

A

an imaginary point around which body weight is evenly distributed

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15
Q

Momentum

A

is the amount of motion a body possesses (influenced by mass)

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16
Q

First class lever (explain, ex, draw)

A

Fulcrum (^) is located between the muscular force and the load/resistance
- ex. nod of head
|——-^———-|
v v
force load

fulcrum |

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17
Q

Second class lever (explain, ex, draw)

A

Load is positioned between force and fulcrum
- ex. ancle
Force

|———|———^
| fulcrum
V
load

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18
Q

Third class lever (explain, ex, draw)

A

Force between the fulcrum and load
- ex. bicep curl
force
fulcrum ^
V |
—————|———|
|
V
load

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19
Q

Describe relationship between applied force and mass

A

(constant acceleration) the greater the mass, the greater the applied force needs to get the same acceleration

20
Q

Describe relationship between acceleration (y) and applied force (x)

A

(constant mass) the greater the force, the greater the acceleration

21
Q

Describe relationship between acceleration and mass

A

(constant applied force) as the soccer ball’s mass increases, it experiences less acceleration from a kick of the same force

22
Q

Inertia

A

is the reluctance of an
object to change its state of
motion (from rest to moving,
to moving faster, or to slowing
down back to rest).

23
Q

Moment of inertia

A

the inertia (resistance to rotate)
of rotating objects. Depends on
the mass of the rotating object
and how its mass is distributed
about its axis of rotation

24
Q

Newtons 1st law (name and explain)

A

Inertia
states that a body in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force, and vice versa

25
Q

Newtons 2nd law (name and explain)

A

Acceleration
states the greater the applied force the greater the acceleration, proportional to the objects mass

26
Q

Newtons 3rd law (name and explain)

A

Action-Reaction
states for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

27
Q

Impulse

A

is the application of an internal force over a short time period

28
Q

Impact

A

the application of an external force

29
Q

The center of mass of a
projectile will follow a: ———- ————–

A

Parabolic path

30
Q

4 factors that affect
projectile motion

A

-take-off velocity
-take-off angle,
-difference in take-off and landing heights
-air resistance

31
Q

How to maximize vertical height

A

one must maximize the takeoff velocity and take off vertically

32
Q

How to maximize horizontal range

A

one must maximize the takeoff velocity and take off at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal plane

33
Q

2 types of fluid drag forces

A

Skin-friction and profile drag

34
Q

The magnus effect

A

an object spinning through the air will experience a lateral force causing it to curve in the direction of the lateral force (high pressure to low pressure)

35
Q

Bad sport magnus effect

A

Basketball, further away from the basket, more trajectory will change

36
Q

Good sport magnus effect

A

corner kick in soccer, curveball in baseball

37
Q

Kinematics

A

involves what happens to the body, NOT what caused motion

38
Q

What are all rotations or angular movements are caused by:

A

torque

39
Q

Balance

A

the process whereby the body’s state of equilibrium is controlled

40
Q

Weight

A

measure of the force of gravity acting an the body

41
Q

Streamline

A

a way in which athletes attempt to reduce air resistance

42
Q

Angular momentum

A

is constant when an athlete or object is FREE in the AIR

43
Q

Linear motion

A

human movement occurs in the direction OPPOSITE of the APPLIED FORCE

44
Q

Angular motion

A

produced by the application of a force acting further away from the center of mass. It is created by TORQUE

45
Q

Maximum velocity

A

maximum velocity requires the use of all possible joints from LARGEST to SMALLEST

46
Q

Stability

A

stable balance requires a LOW CENTER OR MASS, a wide based of support, a center of mass POSITIONED CLOSE TO THE BASE OF SUPPORT, and a greater mass

Kinesiology (4 decks)

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