Anatomy - Muscles

Question 1

How many muscles are in the human body?

Answer 1

Over 600

Question 2

What is the largest muscle in the body?

Answer 2

gluteus maximus

Question 3

Name the 3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 3

smooth, cardiac, skeletal

Question 4

Definition of muscle tissue

Answer 4

a collection of cells that shorten during contractions

Question 5

Describe smooth muscles (location, responsible for…, voluntary or involuntary?)

Answer 5

• surrounding internal organs (incl. blood vessels, hair follicles, urinary, genital, and digestive tracts)
• contracts slower than skeletal muscles, but can remain contracted for longer
• involuntary

Question 6

Describe cardiac muscles (location, responsible for…, voluntary or involuntary?)

Answer 6

• found in the heart
• responsible for creating the action that pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body
• involuntary

Question 7

Describe skeletal muscles (location, responsible for…, voluntary or involuntary?)

Answer 7

• attached to bones
• most prevalent muscle type (30-40% of human body weight)
• voluntary
• (referred to as striated/striped b/c of its microscopic appearance)

Question 8

Function of muscles

Answer 8

allows movement

Question 9

What is the musculoskeletal system made up of (and purpose of each)?

Answer 9

• bones: bound tightly together with other bones through ligaments
• skeletal muscle fiber: connects to bones directly through tissue fibers (called tendons)
• cartilage tissue: at the end of bones prevents the bones from grinding against one another

Question 10

3 types of muscle contractions (+ description and example of each)

Answer 10

• concentric: shortening (biceps during bicep curl)
• eccentric: lengthening (triceps while doing bicep curl)
• isometric: static (wall sit)

Question 11

Agonist vs. antagonist muscles (defn)

Answer 11

agonist: prime mover (primarily responsible for movement of body part)

antagonist: counteracts the agonist, lengthening when the agonist muscle contracts

Question 12

Origin vs insertion points (defn)

Answer 12

origin: point where the muscle attaches to the more stationary of the bones of the axial skeleton (proximal attachment, closer to center of body)

insertion: (other end) point where the muscle attaches to the bone that is moved most (distal attachment, away from center of body)

Question 13

Fast twitch vs slow twitch muscles (defn)

Answer 13

• fast twitch: explosive activity (short durations)
• slow twitch: endurance activities (long durations)

Question 14

Common muscle injuries

Answer 14

• areas where there is the most movement occurring
  rotator cuff, hamstrings, ancles

Question 15

How does skeletal muscle attach to bones?

Answer 15

• either indirectly (via tendons)
• or directly (when the outer membrane of the muscle attaches to the outer membrane of the bone)

Question 16

How does skeletal muscle attach to bones?

Answer 16

• either indirectly (via tendons)
• or directly (when the outer membrane of the muscle attaches to the outer membrane of the bone)

Question 17

What is the most common way muscle attaches to bones?

Answer 17

• the indirect method (via tendons)