Biomechanical Evaluation

Question 1

The foot is a ____________ structure

Answer 1

dynamic

Question 2

Developing a process that is ______________ is key to efficiency and accuracy

Answer 2

repeatable

Question 3

An effective biomechanical examination includes a ____________ as well as a __________________

Answer 3

physical exam and footwear assessment

Question 4

The process of a biomechanical examination includes what 5 assessments?

Answer 4

Standing, walking, sitting, supine, and prone

Question 5

__________________ is KEY to a biomechanical assessment

Answer 5

resting calcaneal stance

Question 6

Genu varus: the legs ___________ and puts more load on the ____________

Answer 6

bow out; peroneals

Question 7

Genu valgum - collapse of _______ aspect of the foot, forefoot __________ aka _____________, with more ___________ load which puts more load on ________________

Answer 7

medial; abduction; too many toes sign; tibialis; spring ligament and deltoid ligaments

Question 8

Varus stance then do ____________ test. If their first toe drops off and their calcaneus comes back to neutral, then it tells you they have what?

Answer 8

Coleman block test; plantar flexed first ray

Question 9

Abducted forefoot position is known as:

Answer 9

too many toes sign

Question 10

Is there a normal arch height?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

Types of toe deformities

Answer 11

claw, hammer, mallet, valgus, and exostosis

Question 12

What causes a callous?

Answer 12

friction

Question 13

Claw directions

Answer 13

Extension, flexion, neutral

Question 14

Hammer directions

Answer 14

Extension, flexion, extension

Question 15

Mallet directions

Answer 15

neutral, flexion, flexion

Question 16

What is Genu recurvatum? Is it more common in men or women?

Answer 16

hyperextension of the knee; women

Question 17

The more your knee is _____________, the more your patella is in the groove

Answer 17

flexed

Question 18

in a 0 drop shoe, the _______ and ______ are equal

Answer 18

ball and heel

Question 19

How much DF should you have in a closed chain?

Answer 19

15-20%

Question 20

Plantar fascia injuries are almost always __________ injuries

Answer 20

stretch

Question 21

when plantar flexing/standing on tip toes, tibialis posterior is working properly if the calcaneus does what?

Answer 21

sweeps inwards

Question 22

What does SHOD mean?

Answer 22

shoes on

Question 23

At heel strike, you should move from _________ to ______________ as the tibia moves over the fixed foot

Answer 23

supination to pronation

Question 24

Windlass mechanism

Answer 24

Mechanism of the plantar fascia when in pronation, it creates rigidity of the arch

Question 25

Need to look at hip extension during gait because _____________ is a huge issue due to everyone sitting and can lead to hip and back issues

Answer 25

hip flexor shortness

Question 26

The normal center of pressure line of the foot during gait is what shape from heel to toe

Answer 26

an S curve

Question 27

The only time the knee goes into terminal extension during gait is when?

Answer 27

for a split second during initial contact

Question 28

When should the heel leave the ground during gait?

Answer 28

During terminal stance

Question 29

When does the heel leave the ground during gait for a lot of people? Why? What does that put tension on?

Answer 29

during midstance; don’t have enough DF; plantar fascia

Question 30

During _______________ the collision of the heel with the ground generates a significant transient, nearly instantaneous, large force

Answer 30

heel skrike

Question 31

In ______________, the collision of the forefoot with the ground generates a very minimal impact force with no impact transient

Answer 31

forefoot striking

Question 32

During our sitting exam, we want to assess open chain AROM and PROM of: _______________________

Answer 32

DF in knee flexion and extension, Inversion/eversion of FF/RF, Hallux DF, Toe flexion/extension, and hip/lumbopelvic mobility

Question 33

during a seated exam, need to assess open chain MMT of:

Answer 33

knee muscles, hip muscles, core muscles, ankle muscles, and toe muscles

Question 34

In sitting, need to assess accessory mobility of:

Answer 34

talocrural, rear and midfoot, 1st ray excursion, and MTPJs

Question 35

Inversion and eversion happen at what part of the foot?

Answer 35

the rear and midfoot

Question 36

Where does callousing tend to occur?

Answer 36

anywhere there is pressure or friction; specifically look at Plantar at the heel and met heads, laterally/medially at 1st and 5th met heads, and dorsally at the toes

Question 37

During our sitting exam, we want to identify bony abnormalities such as: ____________ on the posterior calcaneus, _______ or ________ at the 1st MTPJ, ______________ at the toes, or ____________ at the dorsal TMT region

Answer 37

Haglund’s deformity; exostosis or abductovalgus; flexible vs rigid claw/hammer; exostosis

Question 38

Callouses are the result of ______________ and common areas are ___________________

Answer 38

pressure and or friction; ball of the foot, the heel, and around the great toe

Question 39

Plantar warts: The most common locations for plantar warts include: ___________________ (the heels and balls of the feet). Undersides of the toes Plantar warts may occur singly or in clusters. They appear as ______________-like thickenings on the soles of the feet. In addition, plantar warts often have multiple small black or red dots at the surface which are actually ______________________

Answer 39

Soles of the feet, especially the weight-bearing areas; thick, rough, callus; small blood vessels

Question 40

What things do we want to look at in supine?

Answer 40

leg-length assessment, pelvic symmetry assessment, femoral torsion assessment, hip/knee joint PROM, and hip/core strength assessment

Question 41

What should be assessed in prone?

Answer 41

quad and hip flexor length, remaining hip/core strength assessments, and subtalar joint alignment

Question 42

What does an assessment of subtalar joint alignment consist of?

Answer 42

Qualitatively assess locking/unlocking of midtarsal joints with pro/sup, Measure forefoot to rearfoot orientation (varus/valgus), Identify rearfoot to tibial alignment, and Assess 1st ray position and mobility into DF/PF