Anatomic Overview Flashcards
How many bones are in the foot?
26
Which toe is supposed to bear more weight?
1st
The peroneal muscles attach where?
the tuberosity on the base of the 5th metatarsal
What part of the foot is like helmets that protect the joints?
Sesamoids
Flexor hallucis does what?
flexes halluces
What muscle attaches to the base of the navicular?
Tibialis posterior
When tibialis posterior isn’t working well, it puts a lot of stress on what ligament?
the spring ligament
Which ligaments are sprained a lot?
lateral foot ligaments
What is the most common injury of the foot?
inversion ankle sprains
Bunions are a ____________ problem
mechanical
Functions of the peroneal tendons
Eversion, plantar flexion, and lateral stability
Functions of tibialis posterior
inversion and plantar flexion and stabilizes medial column with Flexor hallucis
Primary Plantar flexors
Gastroc and Soleus
Gastroc is more powerful at doing what than what?
knee flexion than plantar flexion
can’t DF when you walk then you have ____________
drop foot
plantar fascia
The plantar aponeurosis is of great strength, and consists of pearly white glistening fibers, disposed, for the most part, longitudinally: it is divided into central, lateral, and medial portions.
The plantar aponeurosis divides near the ____________ of the metatarsal bones into ___________________
metatarsal heads; 5 processes, one for each of the toes
The deeper stratum divides into _____ slips which embrace the side of the ______ tendons of the toes, and blend with the sheaths of the tendons, and with the transverse metatarsal ligament, thus forming a series of arches through which the tendons of the ___________ pass to the toes
two; Flexor; short and long Flexors
The lateral and medial portions of the plantar aponeurosis are _______ than the central piece and cover ___________ of the sole of the foot
thinner; the sides
The lateral portion of the plantar aponeurosis is ________ in front and ________ behind and forms a strong band between _________________________.
thin; thick; the lateral process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus and the base of the fifth metatarsal bone
The medial portion of the plantar aponeurosis is _______ and covers the ________________
thin; under surface of the abductor hallucis
Most superficial layer of Intrinsic plantar foot muscles
Abductor hallucis; Flexor digitorum brevis; Abductor digiti quinti.
2nd/middle layer of Intrinsic plantar foot muscles
Quadratus plantæ; Lumbricales
3rd/Deepest layer of Intrinsic plantar foot muscles
Flexor hallucis brevis; Adductor hallucis; Flexor digiti quinti brevis
Orthotic should do what for muscles?
supplement the muscles, not take the place of them
What hormone causes women’s feet to spread during pregnancy, and how much do they spread?
Relaxin; a shoe size or a shoe size and a half
What muscles of the foot are a big deal?
Tibialis posterior, Flexor hallucis, peroneals, and triceps surae
Tibialis posterior functions to ___________ to allow angle of pull from the _____________
invert the rearfoot; Achilles tendon
Tibialis posterior stabilizes the __________ eccentrically and isometrically from __________ through ___________
medial column; heel contact, flat foot
Tibialis Posterior contracts concentrically to assist in lifting the _____________________ and _________________ at late stance to heel off
Medial longitudinal arch and navicular bone
Tibialis Posterior provides the medial pull that assists in creating the ___________ arch
forefoot transverse
What are the functions of Flexor Hallucis?
flexes the great toe and plantar flexes the first ray
Functions of the Peroneals
primary evertor of the foot and ankle, functionally acts to stabilize the lateral column, and creates the lateral pull that stabilizes the forefoot transverse arch
Functions of the Triceps Surae
Primary Plantar flexor and needs the medial/lateral column balance to function
