Anatomic Overview

Question 1

How many bones are in the foot?

Answer 1

26

Question 2

Which toe is supposed to bear more weight?

Answer 2

1st

Question 3

The peroneal muscles attach where?

Answer 3

the tuberosity on the base of the 5th metatarsal

Question 4

What part of the foot is like helmets that protect the joints?

Answer 4

Sesamoids

Question 5

Flexor hallucis does what?

Answer 5

flexes halluces

Question 6

What muscle attaches to the base of the navicular?

Answer 6

Tibialis posterior

Question 7

When tibialis posterior isn’t working well, it puts a lot of stress on what ligament?

Answer 7

the spring ligament

Question 8

Which ligaments are sprained a lot?

Answer 8

lateral foot ligaments

Question 9

What is the most common injury of the foot?

Answer 9

inversion ankle sprains

Question 10

Bunions are a ____________ problem

Answer 10

mechanical

Question 11

Functions of the peroneal tendons

Answer 11

Eversion, plantar flexion, and lateral stability

Question 12

Functions of tibialis posterior

Answer 12

inversion and plantar flexion and stabilizes medial column with Flexor hallucis

Question 13

Primary Plantar flexors

Answer 13

Gastroc and Soleus

Question 14

Gastroc is more powerful at doing what than what?

Answer 14

knee flexion than plantar flexion

Question 15

can’t DF when you walk then you have ____________

Answer 15

drop foot

Question 16

plantar fascia

Answer 16

The plantar aponeurosis is of great strength, and consists of pearly white glistening fibers, disposed, for the most part, longitudinally: it is divided into central, lateral, and medial portions.

Question 17

The plantar aponeurosis divides near the ____________ of the metatarsal bones into ___________________

Answer 17

metatarsal heads; 5 processes, one for each of the toes

Question 18

The deeper stratum divides into _____ slips which embrace the side of the ______ tendons of the toes, and blend with the sheaths of the tendons, and with the transverse metatarsal ligament, thus forming a series of arches through which the tendons of the ___________ pass to the toes

Answer 18

two; Flexor; short and long Flexors

Question 19

The lateral and medial portions of the plantar aponeurosis are _______ than the central piece and cover ___________ of the sole of the foot

Answer 19

thinner; the sides

Question 20

The lateral portion of the plantar aponeurosis is ________ in front and ________ behind and forms a strong band between _________________________.

Answer 20

thin; thick; the lateral process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus and the base of the fifth metatarsal bone

Question 21

The medial portion of the plantar aponeurosis is _______ and covers the ________________

Answer 21

thin; under surface of the abductor hallucis

Question 22

Most superficial layer of Intrinsic plantar foot muscles

Answer 22

Abductor hallucis; Flexor digitorum brevis; Abductor digiti quinti.

Question 23

2nd/middle layer of Intrinsic plantar foot muscles

Answer 23

Quadratus plantæ; Lumbricales

Question 24

3rd/Deepest layer of Intrinsic plantar foot muscles

Answer 24

Flexor hallucis brevis; Adductor hallucis; Flexor digiti quinti brevis

Question 25

Orthotic should do what for muscles?

Answer 25

supplement the muscles, not take the place of them

Question 26

What hormone causes women’s feet to spread during pregnancy, and how much do they spread?

Answer 26

Relaxin; a shoe size or a shoe size and a half

Question 27

What muscles of the foot are a big deal?

Answer 27

Tibialis posterior, Flexor hallucis, peroneals, and triceps surae

Question 28

Tibialis posterior functions to ___________ to allow angle of pull from the _____________

Answer 28

invert the rearfoot; Achilles tendon

Question 29

Tibialis posterior stabilizes the __________ eccentrically and isometrically from __________ through ___________

Answer 29

medial column; heel contact, flat foot

Question 30

Tibialis Posterior contracts concentrically to assist in lifting the _____________________ and _________________ at late stance to heel off

Answer 30

Medial longitudinal arch and navicular bone

Question 31

Tibialis Posterior provides the medial pull that assists in creating the ___________ arch

Answer 31

forefoot transverse

Question 32

What are the functions of Flexor Hallucis?

Answer 32

flexes the great toe and plantar flexes the first ray

Question 33

Functions of the Peroneals

Answer 33

primary evertor of the foot and ankle, functionally acts to stabilize the lateral column, and creates the lateral pull that stabilizes the forefoot transverse arch

Question 34

Functions of the Triceps Surae

Answer 34

Primary Plantar flexor and needs the medial/lateral column balance to function