Biomarkers

Question 1

Haptoglobin

Answer 1

Function:

Haptoglobin is a plasma protein produced by the liver.
Its primary role is to bind free hemoglobin released from erythrocytes during hemolysis. The haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex is then removed by macrophages, primarily in the liver and spleen.
This binding prevents free hemoglobin from exerting toxic effects, such as oxidative damage to tissues and kidneys.

Clinical Significance:

Low levels of haptoglobin can indicate intravascular hemolysis, as haptoglobin is consumed when binding free hemoglobin.
Levels can also be reduced in liver disease and chronic liver conditions.
Haptoglobin levels are typically normal or slightly reduced in extravascular hemolysis.

Question 2

Hepcidin