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LatinVocab > BiologyY9 > Flashcards

BiologyY9 Flashcards

1
Q

Name some decomposers

A

maggots, protists, starfish, earthworms, nematode worm, mushroom, toadstool

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2
Q

What does decay return to the soil?

A

carbon & nitrogen

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3
Q

Why is decay important?

A

Recycling of nutrients in ecosystem

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4
Q

The nitrogen cycle. Why is it important?

A

Nitrogen is needed to make protein. Protein is needed for growth

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5
Q

Air is 80% nitrogen. What forms do organisms use nitrogen?

A

Take it from nitrates in the soil.

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6
Q

What is nitrogen fixation and which organism carries this process out?

A

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

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7
Q

What are the four methods for nitrates to enter the soil?

A
  1. Lightning & rain; 2. nitrogen-fixing bacteria 3. decomposers = ammonia via nitrifying bacteria 4. Artificial fertilisers
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8
Q

What natural phenomenon converts nitrogen into the form organisms can use?

A

Lightning & rain

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9
Q

Carbon cycle - name three things which release carbon

A

Volcanism, deforestation, agriculture, resource extraction, burning of fossil fuels. Fire, greenhouse gases, erosion.

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10
Q

Carbon cycle - name three things which capture carbon

A

The ocean captures CO2; productivity & biomass (growing stuff)/photosynthesis; Soil & sedimentation;

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11
Q

Water cycle - name the four stages

A
  1. Evaporate 2. Condense (clouds) 3. Precipitation 4. Absorption & runoff
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12
Q

Food security - what is the definition?

A

Access to safe and healthy food & all times.

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13
Q

How can food security be improved?

A

Fertilisers; different breeds; more productive varieties

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14
Q

What food security problems are there?

A

Rising population, climate change, warfare; biofuels and renewables on agricultural land

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15
Q

Why can food security be difficult to achieve in poor countries?

A

No money to invest

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16
Q

How can increasing population cause problems?

A

More mouths to feed - enough food and water????

17
Q

What is conservation?

A

prevention of wasteful use of a resource; protecting environment or biodiversity.

18
Q

Give some examples of conservation

A

Preservation; protecting species; stopping extinction; reducing population decline; excluding human use of an area for the benefit of nature; protecting habitat; rewilding; switching to renewables; reducing uses of plastic

19
Q

Give some examples of protective designations

A

SSSI - Sites of Special Scientific Interest; RAMSAR - European protected sites; National Parks; Green Belt

20
Q

Biodiversity - what is it?

A

Organisms and wildlife in an ecosystem

21
Q

Why does biodiversity matter?

A

The whole ecosystem is linked and in balance - affected as a whole by damage. Eg overfishing reduces the breeding populations and removes species from the food chain which causes other species to suffer. Fish farming = one type of species (monoculture) instead of a mixed species balance; diseases.

22
Q

Trophic levels & energy & 7 life processes. What are the 7?

A

Movement, respiration, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition, sensitivity

23
Q

Interdepedence of species. Give an example of mutualistic relationship

A

Tick birds eat insects/parasites on rhinos;

24
Q

Give an example of a parasitic relationship

A

Flea on cat and dog

25
Q

What does an ecosystem consist of?

A

Organisms - different forms e.g plants take in sunlight; primary & secondary consumer. Contains organisms that are adapted to living in that ecoystem. Live off each other and have multiple food chains

26
Q

What are the different levels in ecosystem?

A

1 individual plant or animal; POPULATION is all the animals in one species living together and can breed; COMMUNITY - all the organisms that live in and potentially interact in an ecosystem; ECOSYSTEM - all the animals and the environment they live in

27
Q

What might animals compete for?

A

Food, space, water, mates

28
Q

What might plants compete for?

A

Sunlight, space, water, minerals, pollinators

29
Q

Into which form do decomposers convert protein from decaying organisms?

A

Ammonium NH4

30
Q

How do nitrogen containing compounds pass from top consumers?

A

Assimilation

31
Q

Which organisms convert nitrates in the soil to nitrogen in the atmosphere?

A

Denitrifying bacteria

32
Q

What is the carbon cycle?

A

The geochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere.

33
Q

Name five things which cause carbon release into the atmosphere?

A

volcanism, deforestation/reforestation, agriculture, burning of fossil fuels, resource extraction

34
Q

Name three geographical things which release carbon?

A

weathering, respiration, photosynthesis (terrestrial & marine)

LatinVocab (5 decks)

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