Biology20 IB - Unit 2 Flashcards
What are the 4 properties of water?
Cohesion:
The ability to stick onto oneself. This is because of the polarity property. (i.e. a water droplet.)
Adhesion:
The ability to stick to other things. This is because of the polarity property. (i.e. a water droplet hanging on a ledge.)
Thermal Property:
Water can take and hold a lot of heat. However it needs a lot of energy to vaporize it or to evaporate it. It takes longer because of the hydro bonds that need time to build and break.
Solvent Property:
It is the medium which most biochemistry occurs in cells. It helps transport almost everything.
What is a Monosaccharide?
They are the monomers of carbs. (monomers are the building blocks)
They are classified by the # of carbons.
What are the 3 most common monosaccharides?
Triose: 3 carbons
Pentose: 5 carbons
Hexose: 6 carbons
What is a Disaccharide?
They are made when 2 monosaccharides are linked together by a condensation reaction. They are formed when 2 sugars are combined and 1 water molecule is removed.
What is a Polysaccharide?
Formed by repeatedly bonding glucose monosaccharides = polymers
3 main polysaccharides are ; Cellulose, starch, and Glycogen.
What is Hydrogenation?
In many highly processed foods, polyunsaturated fats are often fully or partially hydrogenated. This is done to straighten the bends and kinks of the unsaturated fatty acids.
What is the difference between Cis and Trans?
Cis: Naturally curved fatty acids.
Trans: Hydrogenated & straightened
What are Triglycerides?
They are formed by condensation from 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol. They are the fats in animals and the oils in plants. These 3 fatty acids determine overall characteristics if they are fat or oil.
What is a Condensation RxN?
It is a type of reaction where water is used up and released. It is the main anabolic rxn in the body. The result of a condensation reaction always includes water.
What is a Anabolic RxN?
They are the building of larger molecules
What is a Catabolic RxN?
It is the breaking down
What is a Hydrolysis RxN?
It is the main catabolic rxn in the body. It used water molecules to break bonds.
What is your Metabolism?
Your metabolism are the tiny reactions in your cells.
How does water act as a coolant in sweat?
When there is sweat on your body, in order for the sweat to evaporate, it needs more energy to get there. It will use the heat energy from your body to evaporate. This will cool you down due to the loss of energy.
What is a polypeptide bond?
A protein.
What are some industrial uses for enzymes?
It can help in the process of fibres, or polishing cloth to make it shiny. It can also help to break down proteins (i.e. bleach)
What is the Key and Lock Theory?
It is a theory that every active site/enzyme has a substrate that is specifically made for it.
What is the Induced Bonding Theory?
It is a theory that basically says that when the active site + substrate meet, there is a little bit of wiggle room which will change once they meet to fit exactly together.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids mean that they are saturated with Hydrogen and do not have any bonds with Carbon. They have no kinks or bends. These are commonly found in animal products.
Unsaturated fatty acids mean that they have 1 or more double bond with Carbon therefore, it is not saturated with Hydrogen. They have bends and kinks.