Biology Y11 U1 T2

Question 1

What is a zygote?

Answer 1

Fertilised egg

Question 2

Why is a Zygote totipotent?

Answer 2

it has the capacity to differentiate into any cell type

Question 3

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 3

The process during which young, immature (unspecialised) cells take on individual characteristics and reach their mature (specialised) form and function.

Question 4

Levels of Organisation

Answer 4

1. Chemical & Molecules
2. Organelle
3. Cells
4. Tissue
5. Organ
6. System
7. Organism

Question 5

Fick’s Law

Answer 5

Rate of Diffusion = SA x difference in conc. / thickness of exchange surface

Question 6

What is needed for efficient Gas Exchange?

Answer 6

Large SA, moist surface, thin surface, large concentration difference

Question 7

What are Enzymes?

Answer 7

proteins (biological catalysts) that break down a specific substrate

Question 8

What is a Monomer?

Answer 8

smallest unit, includes: glucose, fructose, galactose (monosaccharides)

Question 9

What is a Dimer?

Answer 9

made of 2 units, includes: maltose, lactose, sucrose, these get broken down into monosaccharides

Question 10

What are the two types of digestion?

Answer 10

Mechanical and Chemical

Question 11

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 11

break down food into smaller parts, takes place in the mouth, start of carbohydrate chemical digestion

Question 12

Chemical Digestion

Answer 12

break down of nutrients into smaller parts using “chemicals”/enzymes to break down chemical bonds

Question 13

What is Saliva?

Answer 13

lubricates “bolus” (blob of food)