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LHC > Biology Y11 U1 T1 > Flashcards

Biology Y11 U1 T1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics for all living things?

A

Movement, respire, sense and response to environment, cells, reproduction, exerts waste, nutrient exchange

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2
Q

Characteristics of Eukaryotes

A

Uni & multicellular, contains membrane-bound organelles, Nucleus containing double stranded DNA

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3
Q

Characteristics of Prokaryotes

A

Unicellular, No membrane-bound organelles, double stranded DNA, plasma membrane

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4
Q

Characteristic of Monera

A

Prokaryote, unicellular, cell wall, asexual, auto & hetorotrophic

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5
Q

Characteristics of Protista

A

Eukaryote, uni & multicellular, cellulose, sexual & asexual, hetorotrophic

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6
Q

Characteristics of Fungi

A

Eukaryote, uni & multicellular, cell wall (chitin), sexual & sexual, hetortrophic

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7
Q

Characteristics of Plants

A

Eukaryote, multicellular, cell wall (cellulose), sexual, autotrophic

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8
Q

Characteristics of Animals

A

Eukaryote, multicellular, no cell wall, sexual, heterotrophic

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9
Q

Types of Autotrophs

A

Photoautotrophs (light energy into kinetic energy), Chemoautotrophs (chemicals into Kinetic energy)

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10
Q

Types of Heterotrophs

A

Holozoic (organic matter), Saprophytic (decaying matter), Parasitic (exploiting host)

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11
Q

Type of Macronutrients

A

Carbohydrates, fats/lipids, proteins

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12
Q

Monosaccharides

A

one carbohydrates

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13
Q

Types of micronutrients

A

vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants

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14
Q

Disaccharides

A

two carbohydrates

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15
Q

Polysaccharides

A

many carbohydrates

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16
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guamine, Cytosine

17
Q

Saturated Lipids

A

every carbon has a hydrogen

18
Q

Unsaturated Lipids

A

more double bonds (lack of hydrogen), more flexible in cell membrane

19
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

regulates what enters and exits the cell; made of glycoproteins, glycolipids, cholestrol, phosolipids & proteins

20
Q

Cholesterol

A

type of lipid, required to build and maintain membrane, allows membrane flexibility

21
Q

Phospholipids

A

a lipid containing a phosphate group, hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic head, provide the cell with selective permability

22
Q

Ribosomes

A

made of DNA and proteins, carry out protein synthesis, composed of two subunits

23
Q

Nucleus

A

controls activity of cell through DNA, chromosomes exits as chromatin until cell division, a double membrane with small pores for movement of substance in and out of nucleus.

24
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

attached with ribosomes for proteins synthesis

25
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

synthesise carbohydrates lipids, steroids and transport material

26
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

involved in sorting, storing modification and export of secretory products

27
Q

Plastids

A

site of storage and synthesis of important chemicals for autotrophic eukaryotes

28
Q

Chemoplasts

A

coloured pigments to be synthesised and stored

29
Q

Cholorplasts

A

specialised plastids found in green plants, chlorophyll absorbs solar energy and manufactures carbohydrates

30
Q

Mitochondria

A

energy producing part of cell; requires O2, have own mitochondria DNA and ribosomes

31
Q

Vacuoles & Vesicles

A

digestion within cell of worn-out cell parts; needed for cell rejuivenation, isolates waste material thats harmful

32
Q

Lysosome

A

fuses with vesicles to expel enzymes to digust waste; breaks down various molecules, cause ‘cell suicide’ to damaged cells

33
Q

Peroxisomes

A

produced in ER, involved in breakdown of hydrogen peroxide and long fatty acid chains

34
Q

Aerobic Respiration process

A
  1. Glycolysis - produces 2 pyruvate + 2ATP (high energy) + 2NADH (low energy)
  2. Kerbs Cycle - produces lots of low energy 3NADH + FADH2 + 3 carbon pyruvate
  3. Electron Transport Chain - series of enzymes, makes H20+ 36-38 ATP molecules
35
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A

doesn’t need oxygen to produce energy, occurs in cytoplasm, glucose produces latic acid & ethanol, energy output 2 ATP

36
Q

Aerobic summary

A

occurs in cytoplasm & mitochondrion, glucose and O2 produces CO2 & H2O, energy output 36-38 ATP

LHC (2 decks)

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