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Science CTA > Biology Unit Test 1 > Flashcards

Biology Unit Test 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A chemical process of combining monomers to form a polymer

A

Polymerization

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2
Q

A small molecule that may be chemically bonded to other like molecules to form a polymer

A

monomer

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3
Q

The type of chemical bond formed when two or more elements share electrons

A

Covalent bond

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4
Q

A long chain of monomers

A

Polymer

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5
Q

A chemical reaction that uses water to break apart a polymer into monomers

A

Hydrolysis

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6
Q

Any organic molecule produced by a living organism

A

biomolecule

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7
Q

A type of molecule that does not include carbon e.g. H2O, NH3, NaCl

A

Inorganic Molecule

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8
Q

The smallest portion of an element found in the period chart

A

Atom

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9
Q

A chemical reaction that combines smaller molecules and forms water as a byproduct; often used to form polymers

A

Condensation Reaction

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10
Q

A carbon-containing molecule that is associated with living organisms but may also be manmade

A

Organic molecule

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11
Q

The type of chemical bond formed when two or more elements gain or lose electrons

A

Ionic Bond

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12
Q

A large biomolecule that makes up living organisms; may be a protein, a carbohydrate, a lipid, or a nucleic acid

A

Macromolecule

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13
Q

An organic molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; used as a source of energy and gives structure to some types of cells

A

Carbohydrate

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14
Q

A polysaccharide used in the cell walls of plants to give cells structural support

A

Cellulose

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15
Q

A polysaccharide that contains nitrogen groups; used to strengthen the exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects and the cell walls of many kinds of fungi

A

Chitin

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16
Q

A polymer of two simple sugars combined into one molecule.

A

Disaccharide

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17
Q

A monosaccharide produced by plants during photosynthesis; main source of energy for cells

A

Glucose

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18
Q

A simple sugar

A

Monosaccharide

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19
Q

A polymer of sugar, meaning a long chain of sugar molecules chemically linked together

A

Polysaccharide

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20
Q

Another name for “sugar” or for a sugar polymer

A

Saccharide

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21
Q

A polysaccharide made by plants to store energy

A

Starch

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22
Q

Another name for a condensation reaction in which monomers are combined to form a polymer

A

Dehydration Synthesis

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23
Q

A type of steroid used in cell membranes and also used to make steroid hormones

A

cholesterol

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24
Q

A type of lipid used to store energy and source of fatty acids

A

fat

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25
Q

An organic acid that contains a long chain of hydrocarbons (carbon atoms bonded to other carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms)

A

fatty acids

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26
Q

“water-loving”; attracted to water

A

hydrophilic

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27
Q

“water-hating”;repelled by water

A

hydrophobic

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28
Q

organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but unlike carbohydrates, they do not dissolve in water

A

Lipids

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29
Q

A fat that has one double carbon-to-carbon bond

A

Monounsaturated fat

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30
Q

A types of lipid that helps to make up cell membranes

A

phospholipid

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31
Q

a fat that has all single carbon-to-carbon bonds and the maximum number of hydrogens attached to each carbon

A

saturated fat

31
Q

A fat that has more than one double carbon-to-carbon bond

A

polyunsaturated fat

32
Q

a type of lipid that can be present in cell membranes or can make up certain hormones

A

steroid

33
Q

a type of lipid that is used to waterproof leaves, skin, feathers, etc.

A

wax

34
Q

a belief or opinion that may affect experimental results

A

bias

35
Q

factors that remain the same for all groups during an experiment

A

constants

36
Q

the group that is used for comparisons; it does not received the tested element

A

control group

37
Q

The measurable change that occurs because of the independent variable

A

dependent variable

38
Q

a group that receives one element being tested

A

experimental group

39
Q

the variable used to produce an effect

A

independent variable

40
Q

a substance given to a control group that has no effect on the experiment but is used to eliminate bias

A

placebo

41
Q

measured data; data associated with numbers or specific amounts

A

quantitative data

42
Q

descriptive data; data not associated with numbers or amounts

A

qualitative data

43
Q

having no opinion or being impartial

A

unbiased

44
Q

a factor that is changed during an experiment in order to test its effect

A

variable

45
Q

A visual representation of data used to show parts (or percentages) of a whole

A

Pie graph or circle graph

46
Q

A visual representation of data used to show different quantities between different groups especially when data is not continuous.

A

Bar graph

47
Q

a visual representation of data showing how something has changed over a period of time

A

Line graph

48
Q

a description of a scientific experiment, data, or conclusion that is relevant or meaningful

A

scientifically valid

49
Q

new procedures or devices that use scientific advances or discoveries for practical purposes

A

technology

50
Q

the interpreted results of an experiment based on the data; may support or refute the hypothesis

A

conclusion

51
Q

a way to format and organize data into rows and columns

A

data table

52
Q

the best

A

optimum

53
Q

a computer program that allows data to be entered into a table of rows and columns and also to be analyzed by using mathematical formulas

A

spreadsheet

54
Q

Through photosynthesis, plant cells convert light energy into chemical energy. Which macromolecules are produced during this process?

A

Carbohydrates

55
Q

which of the following is a polysaccharide?
glucose molecule
fat molecule
starch molecule
monosaccharide

A

starch molecule

56
Q

Which of the following is considered a monosaccharide?
glucose
sucrose
starch
cellulose

A

glucose

57
Q

Carbohydrates are constantly required by organisms to carry out what main function?

A

to provide a source of cellular energy

58
Q

Similar to starch, cellulose is a complex carbohydrate. What compounds make up cellulose?

A

sugars

59
Q

Plants store glucose as starch. How do animals store glucose?

A

as glycogen

60
Q

What processes can break down glycogen stored in the liver into glucose?

A

polymerization

61
Q

What three elements are most commonly found in carbohydrate molecules?

A

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

62
Q

Name three examples of carbohydrates.

A

glucose, starch, cellulose

63
Q

Name three examples of polysaccharides.

A

cellulose, chitin, starch

64
Q

What are the organic molecules used for long-term energy storage called?

A

fats

65
Q

What kind of lipid acts as chemical messengers?

A

steroid hormones

66
Q

What are the two parts of a fat molecule?

A

glycerol, fatty acids

67
Q

Describe the bonds in a saturated fat.

A

only one single carbon-to-carbon bond

68
Q

Name three major functions of fat

A

insulation against cold
protection of organs
long term energy storage

69
Q

What is the main function of phospholipids?

A

major component of cell membranes

70
Q

The farmer tests the effects of sunlight on rate of bean seed germination. For this experiment, __________ depends on _____________.
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?

A

The bean depends of the sunlight
independent variable - sunlight
dependent variable - bean

71
Q

An exercise physiologist tests the effects of caffeine on the heart rate of ten people. For this experiment, __________ depends on _____________.
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?

A

The heart rate depends of caffeine
independent variable - caffeine
dependent variable - heart rate

72
Q

Students investigate the effect of temperature on seed germination. Before performing an experiment, the students decide how they will change the independent variable and count the number of seeds that germinate. Which variable should be different in each experimental group?

A

The number of seeds - Independent variable

73
Q

Keven knows of two different supplements that claim the ability to increase muscle strength in weight lifters. To determine which supplement is best at increasing muscle strength, what is the minimum number of groups he should include in an experiment.

A

At least 3
There must be a control group and a group for each supplement being tested.

74
Q

A pharmaceutical company gets FDA approval to test a memory enhancing medication on humans. The pharmaceutical company chooses 100 participants and splits them into two groups of 50 each. Once a day and over a period of 6 months, each participant is given a pill. In group A, the pill contains the medication. In group B, the pill contains no active ingredients. Once a week, the participants are given a test that measures their memory. the score for the test is recorded for each participant each week.
What is the independent variable in this experiment?
What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
Which group represents the control group?
Which group receives the placebo?

A

Independent variable - memory medication
Dependent variable - memory
Control group - Group B
Placebo - Group B

75
Q
A

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