Biology Unit 7: Cellular Reproduction Flashcards
Genetics
The science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring
Genetic factors
The general guideline of traits determined by a person’s DNA
Environmental factors
Those “non-biological” factors that are involved in a person’s surroundings such as the nature of the person’s parents, the person’s friends, and the person’s behavioral choices
Spiritual factors
The factors in a person’s life that are determined by the quality of his or her relationship with God
Gene
A section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of protein, thereby causing a trait
Messenger RNA
The RNA performs transcription
Anticodon
A three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA
Codon
A sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific amino acid
Chromosome
DNA coiled around and supported by proteins, found in the nucleus of the cell
Mitosis
A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells
Interphase
The time interval between cellular reproduction
Centromere
The region that joins two sister chromatids
Mother cell
A cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles
Karotype
The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs
Diploid cell
A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs
Haploid cell
A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome
Diploid number (2n)
The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell
Haploid number (n)
The number of homologous pairs in a diploid
Meiosis
The process by which a diploid (2n) cell forms gametes (n)
Gametes
Haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction
Virus
A non-cellular infection agent that has two characteristics:
1) It has genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protective protein coat.
2) It cannot reproduce on its own.
Antibodies
Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infection agents
Vaccine
A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body’s reproduction of antibodies which can aid in destroying the pathogen
