Biology Unit 7: Cellular Reproduction

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

The science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring

Question 2

Genetic factors

Answer 2

The general guideline of traits determined by a person’s DNA

Question 3

Environmental factors

Answer 3

Those “non-biological” factors that are involved in a person’s surroundings such as the nature of the person’s parents, the person’s friends, and the person’s behavioral choices

Question 4

Spiritual factors

Answer 4

The factors in a person’s life that are determined by the quality of his or her relationship with God

Question 5

Gene

Answer 5

A section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of protein, thereby causing a trait

Question 6

Messenger RNA

Answer 6

The RNA performs transcription

Question 7

Anticodon

Answer 7

A three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA

Question 8

Codon

Answer 8

A sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific amino acid

Question 9

Chromosome

Answer 9

DNA coiled around and supported by proteins, found in the nucleus of the cell

Question 10

Mitosis

Answer 10

A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells

Question 11

Interphase

Answer 11

The time interval between cellular reproduction

Question 12

Centromere

Answer 12

The region that joins two sister chromatids

Question 13

Mother cell

Answer 13

A cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles

Question 14

Karotype

Answer 14

The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs

Question 15

Diploid cell

Answer 15

A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs

Question 16

Haploid cell

Answer 16

A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome

Question 17

Diploid number (2n)

Answer 17

The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell

Question 18

Haploid number (n)

Answer 18

The number of homologous pairs in a diploid

Question 19

Meiosis

Answer 19

The process by which a diploid (2n) cell forms gametes (n)

Question 20

Gametes

Answer 20

Haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction

Question 21

Virus

Answer 21

A non-cellular infection agent that has two characteristics:

1) It has genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protective protein coat.
2) It cannot reproduce on its own.

Question 22

Antibodies

Answer 22

Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infection agents

Question 23

Vaccine

Answer 23

A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body’s reproduction of antibodies which can aid in destroying the pathogen