Biology Unit 5: The Chemistry of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

Model

A

An explanation or representation of something that cannot be seen

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3
Q

Element

A

A collection of atoms that all have the same number or protons

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4
Q

Molecules

A

Chemicals that result from atoms linking together

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5
Q

Physical Change

A

A change that affects the appearance but not the chemical makeup of a substance

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6
Q

Chemical Change

A

A change that alters the makeup of the elements or molecules of a substance

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7
Q

Phase

A

One of the three forms- solid, liquid, or gas -which every substance is capable of attaining

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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9
Q

Concentration

A

A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent

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10
Q

Semipermeable membrane

A

A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules to pass through

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11
Q

Osmosis

A

The tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration

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12
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process

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13
Q

Organic Molecule

A

A molecule that contains only carbon and any of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or phosphorus

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14
Q

Biosynthesis

A

The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones

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15
Q

Isomers

A

Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula

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16
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simple carbohydrates that contain 3 to 10 carbon atoms

17
Q

Disaccharides

A

Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides

18
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

19
Q

Dehydration reaction

A

A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water

20
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

21
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Lacking any affinity to water, or molecules and surfaces repel water

22
Q

Saturated fat

A

A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms

23
Q

Unsaturated fat

A

A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms

24
Q

Peptide bond

A

A bond that links amino acids together in a protein

25
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

A strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in specific molecules