Biology Unit 2

Question 1

Why do cells need to divide?

Answer 1

1. Growth
2. Repair of damaged tissues
3. Replacement of damaged or dead tissues

Question 2

What does diploid mean?

Answer 2

A cell with two matching sets of chromosomes

Question 3

What are stem cells?

Answer 3

They are unspecialised cells that are capable of dividing into cells that could become many different cell types

Question 4

What do stem cells do?

Answer 4

1. Self Renew
2. Become specialised

Question 5

What are the two types of stem cells?

Answer 5

1. Embryonic
   2.Tissue

Question 6

What does the central nervous system do?

Answer 6

It allows the body to detect stimuli from the environment and cause a response

Question 7

What is the CNS made up of?

Answer 7

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 8

What does the cerebrum do?

Answer 8

Memory and muscle movement

Question 9

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 9

Balance and co-ordination

Question 10

What does the medulla do?

Answer 10

Breathing and heart rate

Question 11

How do neurons carry signals?

Answer 11

Electrical impulses

Question 12

What does the sensory neuron do?

Answer 12

Passes info from receptor to CNS

Question 13

What does the inter neuron do?

Answer 13

Processes info from sensory to motor

Question 14

What does the motor neuron do?

Answer 14

Carry electrical impulses from CNS to effector

Question 15

What are synapses?

Answer 15

Gaps between neurons

Question 16

What are receptors?

Answer 16

Cells that detect a stimulus

Question 17

What are effectors?

Answer 17

Cells that enable a response

Question 18

What do reflex arcs do?

Answer 18

Automatically and quickly protect the body from harm

Question 19

What does the endocrine system do?

Answer 19

Produces hormones

Question 20

What are hormones?

Answer 20

Chemical messengers

Question 21

What do insulin and glucose do?

Answer 21

Control the levels of glucose in blood

Question 22

Where is insulin made?

Answer 22

The pancreas

Question 23

Where is glucagon made?

Answer 23

The pancreas

Question 24

What does insulin do?

Answer 24

Lowers blood sugar

Question 25

What does glucagon do?

Answer 25

Increases blood sugar

Question 26

What is glucagon and insulins target tissue and action?

Answer 26

Liver - glucose converted to glycogen

Question 27

What is haploid?

Answer 27

Only contains one set of chromosomes

Question 28

Name of male animal gamete

Answer 28

Sperm

Question 29

Name of female animal gamete

Answer 29

Egg

Question 30

Name of male plant gamete

Answer 30

Pollen

Question 31

Name of female plant gamete

Answer 31

Ova

Question 32

Where is sperm produced?

Answer 32

Testis

Question 33

Where are eggs produced?

Answer 33

Ovary

Question 34

Where is pollen produced?

Answer 34

Anther

Question 35

Where is ova produced?

Answer 35

Ovary

Question 36

What is fertilisation?

Answer 36

The fusion of the nuclei of the two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote

Question 37

How is a sperm cell adapted for its function?

Answer 37

Streamline shape, haploid nucleus and tail

Question 38

How is an egg adapted for its function?

Answer 38

Large starch store and haploid nucleus

Question 39

What is discrete variation?

Answer 39

A result of single gene inheritance

Question 40

What is continuous variation?

Answer 40

A result of polygenic inheritance

Question 41

Give an example of discrete variation!

Answer 41

Eye colour, hair length, petal colour, ear lobes

Question 42

Give an example of continuous variation!

Answer 42

Height, Leaf length, milk yield

Question 43

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 43

Both alleles are the same

Question 44

What does heterozygous?

Answer 44

Both alleles are different

Question 45

What does F1 mean?

Answer 45

Shows the first generation in a monohybrid cross

Question 46

What does F2 mean?

Answer 46

Shows the second generation in a monohybrid cross