Biology Topic 2 Definitions

Question 1

Respiration that needs oxygen

Answer 1

Aerobic respiration

Question 2

A simple sugar that is broken down in cells to release energy during respiration.

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

Tiny blood vessels with thin walls to allow diffusion of substances into and out of the blood

Answer 3

Capillaries

Question 4

The random movement and spreading of particles. Where there is a concentration gradient there is diffusion of particles from areas of high concentration to regions of low concentration

Answer 4

Diffusion

Question 5

A situation where a solute is in a gradually increasing concentration for one region to another

Answer 5

Concentration gradient

Question 6

A process in the lungs in which oxygen diffuses from the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs

Answer 6

Gas exchange

Question 7

The volume of blood the heart can pump out with each beat

Answer 7

Stroke volume

Question 8

The volume of blood the heart can pump out in one minute.

Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

Answer 8

Cardiac output

Question 9

Period of time after exercise in which a greater amount of oxygen than usual is needed by body for various processes, including the removal removal of lactic acid cell repair. Used to be known as oxygen debt.

Answer 9

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

EPOC

Question 10

A carbohydrate made by joining thousands of glucose molecules

Answer 10

Starch

Question 11

A series of enzyme-catalysed reactions carried out in green parts of a plant. Carbon dioxide and water combine to form glucose. Process requires light energy from sun

Answer 11

Photosynthesis

Question 12

Organelle in plant cells that contains chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis takes place

Answer 12

Chloroplasts

Question 13

Green substance in chloroplasts that absorbs energy from sunlight

Answer 13

Chlorophyll

Question 14

A tiny pore in lower surface of leaves which allows gases to diffuse into and out of the leaf when open

Answer 14

Stomata

Question 15

Total amount of surface area divided by its volume

Answer 15

Surface area to volume ratio

Question 16

A single factor that when in short supply can limit the rate of a process such as photosynthesis. An example of this is light intensity

Answer 16

Limiting factor

Question 17

Cells found near the tip of roots that have extensions. Water enter the root hair cells by osmosis and they have a large surface area

Answer 17

Root hair cells

Question 18

The diffusion of water from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a partially permeable membrane

Answer 18

Osmosis

Question 19

A thin sheet of material that allows small molecules through (water) but not larger ones

Answer 19

Partially permeable membrane

Question 20

Movement of molecules into the cell using energy from respiration

Answer 20

Active transport

Question 21

Tissues made of dead hollow and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant

Answer 21

Xylem

Question 22

Long tissue that transports sugars around a plant

Answer 22

Phloem

Question 23

A series of reactions occurring in all living cells in which glucose is broken down to release energy.

Answer 23

Respiration