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Biology Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Give an advantage of an electron microscope

A

Has a greater resolution and magnification

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2
Q

What does resolution mean?

A

The ability to distinguish between two points

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3
Q

Why can some structures in cells only be seen with an electron microscope

A

They are very small

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4
Q

How do we calculate total magnification

A

Eyepiece lens X objective lens

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5
Q

What is the equation for working out actual size?

A

Image size/ magnification

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6
Q

What comes next : milli, micro

A

Nano

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7
Q

If 10 -3 means millimetre what does x10-6 mean?

A

Micrometre

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8
Q

What are all living things made from

A

Cells

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9
Q

What is the job of the cell membrane

A

To control what goes in and out of the cell

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10
Q

What process happens in mitochondria

A

Aerobic respiration

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11
Q

Where in a cell would you find chromosomes

A

In the nucleus

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12
Q

Name two structures present in a plant cell but not in an animal cell.

A

Chloroplast, vacuole , cell wall

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13
Q

What is the job of a cell wall

A

To support the cell

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14
Q

What is the job of chloroplasts

A

To trap sunlight energy and carry out photosynthesis

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15
Q

What is the job of a flagellum in a bacterial cell?

A

It rotates to propel it along/ move

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16
Q

What two types of DNA do bacterial cells have?

A

Chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA (circular)

17
Q

What does diploid mean?

A

Having the full set of chromosomes, 46 in a human

18
Q

Why does a human sperm cell only have 23 chromosomes?

A

As it will fuse with an egg cell with 23 to make 46 chromosomes.

19
Q

What does haploid mean?

A

Half the full set of chromosomes I.e. 23 in humans

20
Q

Which cells are haploid?

A

Gametes/sperm and egg cells

21
Q

Why does an egg cell have a lot of cytoplasm?

A

To nourish the developing embryo

22
Q

What is the job of a sperm cell?

A

To swim to and fertilise and egg cell to join their DNA

23
Q

What is an acrosome for in a sperm cell?

A

Contains enzymes to penetrate the egg cell membrane.

24
Q

Why do sperm cells need a lot of mitochondria?

A

To make energy to swim

25
Q

Which cells waft mucus along in the airways?

A

Ciliated epithelial cells

26
Q

Why are bacterial cells described as prokaryotic?

A

They don’t have a nucleus

27
Q

In a cell what do ribosomes do?

A

Make proteins

28
Q

Why are plant and animal cells described as eukaryotic?

A

They have a nucleus

29
Q

What are enzymes made of?

A

Proteins

30
Q

What substances can we describe as being biological catalysts?

A

Enzymes

Science (22 decks)

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