Biology test Flashcards
Microscopic protein structures that help divide genetic material during cell division.
V. Spindle Fibers
Having the gametic number of chromosomes typically including one of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
J. Haploid Cell
The stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes become arranged in the equatorial (middle) plane of the spindle.
B. Metaphase
Cells produced after a single cell undergoes cell division.
W. Daughter cells
Any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes.
P. Chromosome
A cellular organelle of eukaryotes that is essential to cell functions (such as reproduction and protein synthesis).
C. Nucleus
The period in the cell cycle from the completion of DNA replication to the beginning of cell division
T. G2 phase
Having two haploid sets of homologous chromosomes.
O. Diploid cell
Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a given locus; the position in a chromosome of a particular gene or allele.
E. Allele
The interval between the end of one mitotic or meiotic division and the beginning of another.
N. Interphase
One of a pair of cellular organelles that occur especially in animals; are found near the nucleus; a function in the formation of the spindle fibers during cell division.
I. Centriole
Cleavage (separation) of the cytoplasm into daughter cells following nuclear division.
Q. Cytokinesis
The period in the cell cycle during which DNA replication takes place.
X. S phase
The process by which cells multiply involving both nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
U. Cell division
The stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle.
K. Anaphase
A specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is located usually on a chromosome and that is the functional unit of inheritance controlling the transmission and expression of one or more traits.
F. Gene
A complex chiefly of DNA and histone in eukaryotic cells that is usually dispersed in the interphase nucleus and condensed into chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis; happens in the middle of interphase.
S. Chromatin
The period in the cell cycle from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication.
M. G1 phase
Any of various nucleic acids that are usually the molecular basis of heredity, are constructed of a double helix held together by hydrogen bonds.
A. DNA
The initial stage of mitosis and of the mitotic division of meiosis characterized by the condensation of chromosomes consisting of two chromatids, disappearance of the nucleolus and nuclear membrane, and formation of mitotic spindle.
H. Prophase
One of the usually paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere.
L. Chromatid
The final stage of mitosis and of the second division of meiosis in which the spindle disappears and the nucleus reforms around each set of chromosomes.
R. Telophase
A process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves typically a series of steps consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
G. Mitosis
The point or region on a chromosome to which the spindle attaches during mitosis and meiosis.
D. Centromere
