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biology test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a carbohydrate composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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2
Q

What are the two parts of an amino acid?

A

Amino Group and Carboxyl Group

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3
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20 amino acids

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4
Q

Which of these is a macromolecule?

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids

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5
Q

The total number of atoms in a molecule of sucrose, C12H22O11, is __.

A

45

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6
Q

An organism’s genetic information is stored in which type of macromolecule?

A

Nucleic Acids

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7
Q

Amino acids are the building blocks of which macromolecule?

A

Proteins

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8
Q

What is responsible for the recipe for proteins?

A

RNA (peptide bond)

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9
Q

The diagram below illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms. The substance labeled catalyst also is known by what other name?

A

Enzymes

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10
Q

What is the most common element in a carbohydrate?

A

Hydrogen

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11
Q

Which structure holds our genetic info?

A

DNA

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12
Q

What structures are prominent in plant cells but not animal cells?

A

Chloroplast, cell wall, and larger vacuoles.

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13
Q

What structure produces energy for the animal cell?

A

Mitochondria

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14
Q

What structure produces proteins?

A

Ribosomes

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15
Q

Which organelle is responsible for the movement of materials in & out of the cell?

A

Cell membrane

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16
Q

Where is the DNA located?

A

Cell nucleus

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17
Q

Where is the RNA located?

A

Nucleolus

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18
Q

What is a chromosome made of?

A

DNA

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19
Q

What is the main energy producer in plants?

A

Simple sugars

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20
Q

What organelle is responsible for digestion in the cell?

A

Lysosomes

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21
Q

Which of these is a Monosaccharide?

A

Glucose, galactose and fructose

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22
Q

Which of these is a Disaccharides?

A

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose.

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23
Q

Which elements make up lipids?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms,

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24
Q

Which elements make up Proteins?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

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25
Q

Which elements make up Carbohydrate?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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26
Q

Which elements make up Nucleic Acid?

A

Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, phosphorous, hydrogen

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27
Q

Saturated lipids are?

A

The bonds between all the carbons are single bonds.

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28
Q

Unsaturated lipids are?

A

There is at least one double or triple bond between carbons present.

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29
Q

Which of these is the main function of proteins?

A

Structural support in cells

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30
Q

Peptide bonds form between?

A

Amino acids

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31
Q

Which of these is a monomer for nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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32
Q

Which of these is a polymer of nucleic acids?

A

DNA & RNA

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33
Q

On a laboratory exam, a student is asked to determine if the cells under a microscope are plant cells or animal cells. What might the student look for?

A

Chloroplasts and a cell wall

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34
Q

Which occurs during cytokinesis?

A

The two identical cells completely divide and the cell membrane is completely formed.

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35
Q

What two elements make up water?

A

Hydrogen and oxygen

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36
Q

Why does water move from the roots to the leaves of plants?

A

Capillary action

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37
Q

How many atoms make up a molecule of water?

A

Three atoms, two hydrogens, and one oxygen

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38
Q

Why does water move from the roots to the leaves of plants?

A

Water exhibits cohesive behavior

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39
Q

Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?

A

Capillary action

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40
Q

Which of these describes a base?

A

Has a ph greater than 7 and strong bases is 11 to 14 which is used in soapmaking.

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41
Q

How many phases of mitosis are there?

A

5 phases

42
Q

What is the first phase of mitosis?

A

Prophase

43
Q

What is the 2nd phase of mitosis?

A

Metaphase

44
Q

What is the third phase of mitosis?

A

Anophase

45
Q

What is the fourth phase of mitosis?

A

Telophase

46
Q

What is the last phase of mitosis?

A

Cytokinesis

47
Q

Which describes an acid?

A

Has a ph below of 7 and strong acids have a ph between 1 to 3

48
Q

A cell has 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

A

12

49
Q

If a cell with 24 chromosomes undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

A

12

50
Q

DNA replication occurs during:

A

Interphase

51
Q

What is the center of the chromosome called?

A

Centromere

52
Q

In which phase do chromosomes line up in the center?

A

Metaphase

53
Q

What is the location of the Chromosome lineup called?

A

Metaphase plate

54
Q

Which of these is the purpose of the Golgi?

A

Move materials within the cell and out of the cell

55
Q

What organelle is responsible for digestion?

A

Lysosome

56
Q

What organelle is responsible for producing proteins?

A

Ribosomes

57
Q

What is the difference between the Rough and Smooth E.R.?

A

The smooth ribosomes lacks ribosomes and rough ribosomes are embedded in the surface.

58
Q

How many parts of a nucleus are there?

A

The nucleus has 3 parts

59
Q

What part of the cell is responsible for pulling chromosomes apart?

A

The mitotic spindle

60
Q

Diploid cell has how many chromosomes when compared to haploid?

A

Twice the number of chromosomes

61
Q

Haploid cell has how many chromosomes when compared to diploid?

A

Half the number of chromosomes as diploid cells

62
Q

Which describes an allele?

A

An allele is a gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism.

63
Q

What is a zygote?

A

Fertilized egg which has a diploid
number of chromosomes.

64
Q

What are the three phases of Cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and ETC

65
Q

Where do light reactions take place?

A

Thylakoid and chloroplast

66
Q

What is the main product of the Calvin cycle?

A

Glucose

67
Q

Which of these is not a product of the Krebs cycle?

A

NADPH

68
Q

Which of these is a reason for fermentation to take place?

A

To convert sugar into energy, without the primary assistance of oxygen

69
Q

What phase of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

A

The electron transport system

70
Q

What phase of cellular respiration produces the least number of electron carriers?

A

Glycolysis

71
Q

What phase of cellular respiration takes place outside of the mitochondria?

A

Glycolysis

72
Q

How does a heterotroph get energy?

A

Eats other plants or animals

73
Q

How does an autotroph get energy?

A

Use energy from the sun

74
Q

Which of these is a product of fermentation?

A

It produces carbon dioxide

75
Q

Oxidation is the ___ of electrons

A

Loss

76
Q

Reduction is the __ of electrons.

A

Gain

77
Q

What does the plant keep in a water splitting reaction?

A

Hydrogen

78
Q

What does a plant get rid of during a water splitting reaction?

A

Oxygen

79
Q

Chlorophyll A is located in ?

A

Photosystem II

80
Q

Chlorophyll B is located in?

A

Photosystem I

81
Q

Which of these is not part of the chloroplast?

A

Outer membrane, inner membrane, stroma, thylakoid, granum

82
Q

This pigment reflects orange?

A

Carotenoids

83
Q

This part of photosynthesis produces energy?

A

Light reaction

84
Q

This part of photosynthesis produces sugar?

A

Dark reaction

85
Q

This is the electron carrier in plants?

A

NADPH

86
Q

Which of these is the largest difference between the plant and animal?

A

ETC? NADPH?

87
Q

How many photosystems are there?

A

2 (photosystem I and II)

88
Q

How much ATP does it take to produce one glucose in photosynthesis?

A

12 molecules

89
Q

How much NADPH does it take to produce glucose in photosynthesis?

A

12 molecules

90
Q

Which is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

91
Q

Which is the equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

92
Q

How many steps are in the scientific method?

A

5 steps (1. Define a Question to Investigate · 2. Make Predictions · 3. Gather Data · 4. Analyze the Data · 5. Draw Conclusions. )

93
Q

Which of these describes an inference?

A

possible explanation or conclusion based on the observations you’ve made and the experiences you’ve had.

94
Q

Which of these describes an observation?

A

direct method of gathering information in an orderly way Recording information using the five senses or tools.

95
Q

A hypothesis must be in what statement?

A

“If…then…” format

96
Q

Water is considered a ___ Solvent?

A

Universal

97
Q

What is the variable you change?

A

Independent variable.

98
Q

What is the variable we measure?

A

Dependent variable.

99
Q

What quality makes water a great solvent?

A

Water’s polarity

100
Q

How many phases of photosynthesis are there?

A

Two phases, Light reactions and Calvin cycle

biology (12 decks)

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