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biology test Flashcards

1
Q

What is a carbohydrate composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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2
Q

What are the two parts of an amino acid?

A

Amino Group and Carboxyl Group

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3
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20 amino acids

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4
Q

Which of these is a macromolecule?

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids

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5
Q

The total number of atoms in a molecule of sucrose, C12H22O11, is __.

A

45

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6
Q

An organism’s genetic information is stored in which type of macromolecule?

A

Nucleic Acids

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7
Q

Amino acids are the building blocks of which macromolecule?

A

Proteins

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8
Q

What is responsible for the recipe for proteins?

A

RNA (peptide bond)

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9
Q

The diagram below illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms. The substance labeled catalyst also is known by what other name?

A

Enzymes

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10
Q

What is the most common element in a carbohydrate?

A

Hydrogen

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11
Q

Which structure holds our genetic info?

A

DNA

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12
Q

What structures are prominent in plant cells but not animal cells?

A

Chloroplast, cell wall, and larger vacuoles.

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13
Q

What structure produces energy for the animal cell?

A

Mitochondria

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14
Q

What structure produces proteins?

A

Ribosomes

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15
Q

Which organelle is responsible for the movement of materials in & out of the cell?

A

Cell membrane

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16
Q

Where is the DNA located?

A

Cell nucleus

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17
Q

Where is the RNA located?

A

Nucleolus

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18
Q

What is a chromosome made of?

A

DNA

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19
Q

What is the main energy producer in plants?

A

Simple sugars

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20
Q

What organelle is responsible for digestion in the cell?

A

Lysosomes

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21
Q

Which of these is a Monosaccharide?

A

Glucose, galactose and fructose

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22
Q

Which of these is a Disaccharides?

A

Sucrose, lactose, and maltose.

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23
Q

Which elements make up lipids?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms,

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24
Q

Which elements make up Proteins?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

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25
Which elements make up Carbohydrate?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
26
Which elements make up Nucleic Acid?
Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon, phosphorous, hydrogen
27
Saturated lipids are?
The bonds between all the carbons are single bonds.
28
Unsaturated lipids are?
There is at least one double or triple bond between carbons present.
29
Which of these is the main function of proteins?
Structural support in cells
30
Peptide bonds form between?
Amino acids
31
Which of these is a monomer for nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
32
Which of these is a polymer of nucleic acids?
DNA & RNA
33
On a laboratory exam, a student is asked to determine if the cells under a microscope are plant cells or animal cells. What might the student look for?
Chloroplasts and a cell wall
34
Which occurs during cytokinesis?
The two identical cells completely divide and the cell membrane is completely formed.
35
What two elements make up water?
Hydrogen and oxygen
36
Why does water move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
Capillary action
37
How many atoms make up a molecule of water?
Three atoms, two hydrogens, and one oxygen
38
Why does water move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
Water exhibits cohesive behavior
39
Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
Capillary action
40
Which of these describes a base?
Has a ph greater than 7 and strong bases is 11 to 14 which is used in soapmaking.
41
How many phases of mitosis are there?
5 phases
42
What is the first phase of mitosis?
Prophase
43
What is the 2nd phase of mitosis?
Metaphase
44
What is the third phase of mitosis?
Anophase
45
What is the fourth phase of mitosis?
Telophase
46
What is the last phase of mitosis?
Cytokinesis
47
Which describes an acid?
Has a ph below of 7 and strong acids have a ph between 1 to 3
48
A cell has 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?
12
49
If a cell with 24 chromosomes undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?
12
50
DNA replication occurs during:
Interphase
51
What is the center of the chromosome called?
Centromere
52
In which phase do chromosomes line up in the center?
Metaphase
53
What is the location of the Chromosome lineup called?
Metaphase plate
54
Which of these is the purpose of the Golgi?
Move materials within the cell and out of the cell
55
What organelle is responsible for digestion?
Lysosome
56
What organelle is responsible for producing proteins?
Ribosomes
57
What is the difference between the Rough and Smooth E.R.?
The smooth ribosomes lacks ribosomes and rough ribosomes are embedded in the surface.
58
How many parts of a nucleus are there?
The nucleus has 3 parts
59
What part of the cell is responsible for pulling chromosomes apart?
The mitotic spindle
60
Diploid cell has how many chromosomes when compared to haploid?
Twice the number of chromosomes
61
Haploid cell has how many chromosomes when compared to diploid?
Half the number of chromosomes as diploid cells
62
Which describes an allele?
An allele is a gene form for each variation of a trait of an organism.
63
What is a zygote?
Fertilized egg which has a diploid number of chromosomes.
64
What are the three phases of Cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and ETC
65
Where do light reactions take place?
Thylakoid and chloroplast
66
What is the main product of the Calvin cycle?
Glucose
67
Which of these is not a product of the Krebs cycle?
NADPH
68
Which of these is a reason for fermentation to take place?
To convert sugar into energy, without the primary assistance of oxygen
69
What phase of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
The electron transport system
70
What phase of cellular respiration produces the least number of electron carriers?
Glycolysis
71
What phase of cellular respiration takes place outside of the mitochondria?
Glycolysis
72
How does a heterotroph get energy?
Eats other plants or animals
73
How does an autotroph get energy?
Use energy from the sun
74
Which of these is a product of fermentation?
It produces carbon dioxide
75
Oxidation is the ___ of electrons
Loss
76
Reduction is the __ of electrons.
Gain
77
What does the plant keep in a water splitting reaction?
Hydrogen
78
What does a plant get rid of during a water splitting reaction?
Oxygen
79
Chlorophyll A is located in ?
Photosystem II
80
Chlorophyll B is located in?
Photosystem I
81
Which of these is not part of the chloroplast?
Outer membrane, inner membrane, stroma, thylakoid, granum
82
This pigment reflects orange?
Carotenoids
83
This part of photosynthesis produces energy?
Light reaction
84
This part of photosynthesis produces sugar?
Dark reaction
85
This is the electron carrier in plants?
NADPH
86
Which of these is the largest difference between the plant and animal?
ETC? NADPH?
87
How many photosystems are there?
2 (photosystem I and II)
88
How much ATP does it take to produce one glucose in photosynthesis?
12 molecules
89
How much NADPH does it take to produce glucose in photosynthesis?
12 molecules
90
Which is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
91
Which is the equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
92
How many steps are in the scientific method?
5 steps (1. Define a Question to Investigate · 2. Make Predictions · 3. Gather Data · 4. Analyze the Data · 5. Draw Conclusions. )
93
Which of these describes an inference?
possible explanation or conclusion based on the observations you’ve made and the experiences you’ve had.
94
Which of these describes an observation?
direct method of gathering information in an orderly way Recording information using the five senses or tools.
95
A hypothesis must be in what statement?
“If…then…” format
96
Water is considered a ___ Solvent?
Universal
97
What is the variable you change?
Independent variable.
98
What is the variable we measure?
Dependent variable.
99
What quality makes water a great solvent?
Water’s polarity
100
How many phases of photosynthesis are there?
Two phases, Light reactions and Calvin cycle

biology (12 decks)

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