BIOLOGY TEST 1

Question 1

WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUTOTROPHS, HETEROTROPHS, AND SAPROPHYTES?

Answer 1

.Autotrophs-‘self-feeders’ e.g. plants that make their own food during photosynthesis.
.Heterotrophs-feed on other organisms e.g. consumers that feed on plants and other animals.
.Saprophytes-feed on dead organic material e.g. decomposers that feed on dead autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Question 2

PLANTS DO NOT EAT, YET THEY ARE FULL OF FOOD.WHAT ARE THEY RICH IN AND HOW?

Answer 2

Plants do not eat, yet they are full of food. They are rich in carbohydrates, fats and proteins. This is because they are able to manufacture their own food.

Question 3

EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

Answer 3

Photosynthesis is when self-feeders) is able to make organic substances(glucose) from inorganic substances(carbon dioxide and water).This process requires light from the sun to provide the energy needed to carry it out. From glucose, the plant make all the other carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

Question 4

WHY DO WE CALL THEM AUTOTROPHS?

Answer 4

We call them autotrophs(self-feeders) because they are able to make organic substances(glucose) from inorganic substances (carbon dioxide and water).

Question 5

WHAT ARE CONSUMERS-AUTOTROPHS, HETEROTROPHS OR SAPROPHYTES?

Answer 5

Consumers are Heterotrophs (other or different feeders)

Question 6

DEFINE BETWEEN AUTOTROPHIC AND HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION.

Answer 6

Autotrophic Nutrition-The intake of simple inorganic substances by plants during photosynthesis and must occur before heterotrophic nutrition.
Heterotrophic Nutrition-The intake of complex organic substances when animals feed.

Question 7

DRAW DIAGRAM OF HOW AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION MUST OCCUR BEFORE HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION.

Answer 7

.

Question 8

WHEN PLANTS AND ANIMALS DIE,WHO FEEDS ON THE DEAD BODIES AND WHAT DOES IT PROVIDE?

Answer 8

When plants and animals die, saprophytes feed on the dead bodies which are full of organic substances such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

Question 9

WHAT ARE THE SAPROPHYTES ALSO CALLED?

Answer 9

Decomposers and they are very important to the cycling of these materials back to earth, from where they are then available to plants again.

Question 10

STATE THE EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

Answer 10

carbon dioxide + water=glucose + oxygen

Question 11

WHAT IS CHLOROPHYLL AND EXPLAIN WHY IT IS SO IMPORTANT.

Answer 11

Chlorophyll is a complex green pigment. At the centre of a chlorophyll molecule is a single atom of magnesium chemically bonded to 4 atoms of nitrogen. Without supplies of nitrogen, a plant cannot make chlorophyll and so cannot photosynthesis successfully.

Question 12

STATE THE 2 MAIN STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

Answer 12

The light dependent stage and the light independent stage.

Question 13

EXPLAIN THE LIGHT DEPENDENT STAGE.

Answer 13

Chloroplasts are organelles seen in green plants cells. They contain the green pigment chlorophyll which ‘traps’ the light energy from the Sun. The energy is used to split hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is a waste product and it diffuses out of the leaf.

Question 14

STATE 3 ADAPTATIONS OF THE LEAF FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

Answer 14

1. They are generally broad and flat with a large surface area to absorb a lot of light and carbon dioxide.
2. Leaves are thin to allow light and carbon dioxide to reach all cells rapidly.
3. Xylem vessels transport water to the leaf cells.

Question 15

WHAT IS A STOMA /STOMATA?

Answer 15

Stomata (small holes) are present in the lower epidermis to allow gases to get in and out easily (stoma is one hole. Stomata is the plural).

Question 16

WHAT IS THE PALISADE CELL?

Answer 16

Chloroplasts are most numerous in cells in the palisade layer, which is in the top part of the leaf, closest to the sunlight.