Biology Term 1 Flashcards
What are the 8 life processes, and tell me their function
Movement - The action of changing position or place
Respiration - Chemical reaction to release energy from molecules
Sensitivity - Ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment (stimuli)
Homeostasis – Control of our internal organs
Growth - Increase the number of cells
Reproduction - Process to replicate cells or make more of the same species of organism
Excretion - Removal of metabolic waste products (E.g., Carbon Dioxide, Urine, NOT FAECES)
Nutrition - Taking in and using food
What are organelles?
An organelle A structure within a cell which is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function in the cell.
Name me some PLANT organelles and what they do
Cell wall - It is made from cellulosewhich is a tough substance that enables the cell to keep its shape and supports the cell, preventing it from bursting when the plant cell takes up water
Chloroplast - The chloroplasts is where photosynthesis occurs in plants.
Vacuole - A structure which contains a membrane and is filled with a watery fluid called cell sap. The cell sap contains sugars, mineral ions and other substances. The vacuole helps keep the cell turgid.
Name me some NON-Plant organelles and what they do
Nucleus - Controls Cell activity
Cytoplasm - This is where most chemical reactions occur.
Cell membrane It is selectively permeable where it can control the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Mitochondria - Where Aerobic Respiration Happens
Ribosomes - Where the protein is made
Tell me the level or organization in organisms and some examples
- An organelle is the smallest unit of an organism (E.g., Nucleus, Chloroplast)
- A cell is a group of organelles working together to perform a similar function. (E.g., Muscle Cells, Skin Cells, Root Hair Cells)
- A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a similar function (E.g., Skin Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Root Hair Tissue)
- An organ is a group of tissues working together to perform a similar function (E.g., Heart, Skin, Roots)
- An organ system is a group of organs working together to perform a similar function (E.g., Circulatory System, Root System)
- An organism is a group of organ systems working together / a living thing (Humans, Plants)
What are specialized cells
Specialised cells are cells designed to carry out a particular role in the body
Give me examples of specialised cells, and why they are specialised
Ciliated Cells - Specialised cells are cells designed to carry out a particular role in the body which helps in moving mucus, which contains trapped bacteria and dust, out of the airways (i.e. trachea)
Red Blood Cells - Has a concave shape which helps it carry oxygen
Sperm Cells - Has a tail/flagellum which helps it move to the egg cell
Root hair cell - Has a long, thin extension which provides a large surface area for absorption to happen
What are the 6 variety of life
- Animals
- Plants
- Protoctists
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Virus (not classified as living)
What is the difference between Multicellular and Uni-cellular/single-celled
Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell that carries out all of the functions needed by the organism, while multicellular organisms use many different cells to function.
Are animals and plants multicellular or unicellular
They are multicellular
Are fungi multicellular or unicellular
They are both multicellular (e.g. Mucor) and unicellular (e.g. Yeast)
Are bacteria multicellular or unicellular
unicellular
Are viruses multicellular or unicellular
Viruses are not cellular organisms. This means They do not contain or divide into cells.
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cell’s genetic material, while prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus and have free-floating genetic material instead.
What do plants store carbohydrates as?
- Plants store carbohydrates as sucrose or starch
