Biology Term 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 life processes, and tell me their function

A

Movement - The action of changing position or place
Respiration - Chemical reaction to release energy from molecules
Sensitivity - Ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment (stimuli)
Homeostasis – Control of our internal organs
Growth - Increase the number of cells
Reproduction - Process to replicate cells or make more of the same species of organism
Excretion - Removal of metabolic waste products (E.g., Carbon Dioxide, Urine, NOT FAECES)
Nutrition - Taking in and using food

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2
Q

What are organelles?

A

An organelle A structure within a cell which is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function in the cell.

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3
Q

Name me some PLANT organelles and what they do

A

Cell wall - It is made from cellulosewhich is a tough substance that enables the cell to keep its shape and supports the cell, preventing it from bursting when the plant cell takes up water

Chloroplast - The chloroplasts is where photosynthesis occurs in plants.
Vacuole - A structure which contains a membrane and is filled with a watery fluid called cell sap. The cell sap contains sugars, mineral ions and other substances. The vacuole helps keep the cell turgid.

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4
Q

Name me some NON-Plant organelles and what they do

A

Nucleus - Controls Cell activity
Cytoplasm - This is where most chemical reactions occur.
Cell membrane It is selectively permeable where it can control the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Mitochondria - Where Aerobic Respiration Happens
Ribosomes - Where the protein is made

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5
Q

Tell me the level or organization in organisms and some examples

A
  • An organelle is the smallest unit of an organism (E.g., Nucleus, Chloroplast)
  • A cell is a group of organelles working together to perform a similar function. (E.g., Muscle Cells, Skin Cells, Root Hair Cells)
  • A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a similar function (E.g., Skin Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Root Hair Tissue)
  • An organ is a group of tissues working together to perform a similar function (E.g., Heart, Skin, Roots)
  • An organ system is a group of organs working together to perform a similar function (E.g., Circulatory System, Root System)
  • An organism is a group of organ systems working together / a living thing (Humans, Plants)
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6
Q

What are specialized cells

A

Specialised cells are cells designed to carry out a particular role in the body

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7
Q

Give me examples of specialised cells, and why they are specialised

A

Ciliated Cells - Specialised cells are cells designed to carry out a particular role in the body which helps in moving mucus, which contains trapped bacteria and dust, out of the airways (i.e. trachea)

Red Blood Cells - Has a concave shape which helps it carry oxygen

Sperm Cells - Has a tail/flagellum which helps it move to the egg cell

Root hair cell - Has a long, thin extension which provides a large surface area for absorption to happen

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8
Q

What are the 6 variety of life

A
  • Animals
  • Plants
  • Protoctists
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Virus (not classified as living)
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9
Q

What is the difference between Multicellular and Uni-cellular/single-celled

A

Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell that carries out all of the functions needed by the organism, while multicellular organisms use many different cells to function.

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10
Q

Are animals and plants multicellular or unicellular

A

They are multicellular

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11
Q

Are fungi multicellular or unicellular

A

They are both multicellular (e.g. Mucor) and unicellular (e.g. Yeast)

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12
Q

Are bacteria multicellular or unicellular

A

unicellular

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13
Q

Are viruses multicellular or unicellular

A

Viruses are not cellular organisms. This means They do not contain or divide into cells.

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14
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cell’s genetic material, while prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus and have free-floating genetic material instead.

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14
Q

What do plants store carbohydrates as?

A
  • Plants store carbohydrates as sucrose or starch
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15
Q

What do animals store carbohydrates as?

A

Glycogen

16
Q

What do fungi store carbohydrates as?

A

Glycogen

17
Q

Do Animals have cell walls? If so what are they made out of?

A

Animals do not have cell walls

18
Q

Do Plants have cell walls? If so what are they made out of?

A

Plants do have cell walls, and they are made out of cellulose

19
Q

Do Fungi have cell walls? If so what are they made out of?

A

Fungi do have cell walls, and they are made out of chitin

20
Q

What is mycelium

A

A group of hyphae

21
Q

What is hyphae

A
  • Hyphae are tiny strings in a fungus made of cells and cell tubes (tubes made of cells)
22
Q

What is the process that Fungi feed through called

A

It is called Saprotrophic Nutrition

23
Q

What is the process of Saprotrophic Nutrition?

A
  1. Fungi detect large insoluble molecules on the outside
  2. The fungi releases extracellular enzymes on the outside onto the molecules
  3. The enzymes break down/digest the insoluble molecules into soluble molecules
  4. These molecules are absorbed
24
Q

Are protoctists multicellular or unicellular

A

They are both unicellular (e.g. amoeba) and multicellular (e.g. kelp)

25
Q

What are examples or plant-like protoctists and animal-like protoctists?

A

Plant-like: Chlorella
Animal-like: Amoeba

26
Q

What are pathogens?

A
26
Q

A What are pathogens?

A

A pathogen is an organism that causes disease