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2020 > Biology T1 > Flashcards

Biology T1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the plasma membrane mostly made of?

A

A phospholipid bilayer

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2
Q

What end of the phospholipid is Hydrophobic

A

The tails

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3
Q

What end of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?

A

The top circle

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4
Q

How many layers of phospholipids are ther in a plasma membrane?

A

2

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5
Q

What is scattered inside the phospholipid layers?

A

Proteins

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6
Q

What do proteins do in the membrane?

A

Allow certain large molecules into the cell

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7
Q

What can enter the cell without proteins?

A

Small molecules like O2 and CO2

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8
Q

What is a Prokaryote cell?

A

A single cell without a nucleus

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9
Q

What is a common example of a prokaryote cell?

A

Bacteria

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10
Q

What is a Eukaryote cell?

A

A usually multicellular cell with a nucleus

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11
Q

If a cell has lots of mitochondria, does it have lots of energy?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Does Active Transport use energy?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What gradient does active transport use?

A

Low to high

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14
Q

What type of energy does active transport use?

A

ATP

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15
Q

What types of protein pumps are there?

A

Sodium Potassium
Proton
Coupled Transport

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16
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

When molecules enter the cell with some of the membrane

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17
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

Solids entering

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18
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Liquids going in

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19
Q

What is receptor mediated endocytosis?

A

When the receptor proteins grab certain molecules and enter the cell

20
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

When molecules exit the cell

21
Q

What is cytosis?

A

When a large amount of particles move across the membrane - in or out

22
Q

What gradient is diffusion?

A

High to low

23
Q

Does diffusion require energy?

A

No

24
Q

When does diffusion stop?

A

When it reaches an equilibrium - the same amount on both sides

25
Q

What factors affect the rate of diffusion?

A

The concentration
The distance
The surface area (large is good because of more room to go across)
The physical barriers in the way

26
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

When a substance is aided across the membrane by Ionophores

27
Q

What ratio for SA to V is good for diffusion?

A

Big surface area : Small volume

28
Q

VOLUME INCREASES FASTER THEN THE SURFACE AREA

A

YOU UNDERSTAND!!?!????!

29
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

When water diffuses in or out of a cell

30
Q

What is a HypERtonic solution?

A

When the water goes out, shrivelling up the cell.

31
Q

What is an Isotonic solution?

A

Where the water stays the same in and out of the cell

32
Q

What is a HyPOtonic solution?

A

When the water goes in, making the cell bulge (po the panda is fat)

33
Q

Where is the Mitochondria located in the cell?

A

In the cytoplasm

34
Q

What does the Mitochondria do?

A

Produces ATP energy

35
Q

What is a Catalyst?

A

A substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction

36
Q

What are enzymes?

A

A biological Catalyst that speeds up reactions. They are proteins!

37
Q

What is the name for where the reaction occurs in the enzyme?

A

The active site

38
Q

What enters the active site?

A

Substrate molecules

39
Q

Can enzymes be re-used?

A

Yes

40
Q

What is the lock and key hypothesis?

A

When the substrate fits perfectly into the molecule

41
Q

What is the optimal temperature for enzymes?

A

Around 40 degrees

42
Q

What happens after 40 degrees with the enzyme?

A

It starts to denature so the substrate cannot fit inside it

43
Q

DIFFERENT ENZYMES HAVE DIFFERENT pH RANGES

A

GOT IT?? The enzyme has an optimal pH range

44
Q

What do all enzymes end in (their word)

A

-ASEAN

45
Q

What is the induced fit model?

A

When the active site changes shape induced by the substrate

46
Q

How do you stop a enzyme reaction?

A

Environment - pH, Temp. and concentration
Cofactors - block the active site with a blocker
Inhibitors - don’t touch the active site but still block it

47
Q

How do you speed up the enzyme reactions?

A
  • the concentration
  • optimal conditions
  • saturation

All have a cap and plateau after the cap

2020 (4 decks)

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