Biology T1

Question 1

What is the plasma membrane mostly made of?

Answer 1

A phospholipid bilayer

Question 2

What end of the phospholipid is Hydrophobic

Answer 2

The tails

Question 3

What end of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?

Answer 3

The top circle

Question 4

How many layers of phospholipids are ther in a plasma membrane?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

What is scattered inside the phospholipid layers?

Answer 5

Proteins

Question 6

What do proteins do in the membrane?

Answer 6

Allow certain large molecules into the cell

Question 7

What can enter the cell without proteins?

Answer 7

Small molecules like O2 and CO2

Question 8

What is a Prokaryote cell?

Answer 8

A single cell without a nucleus

Question 9

What is a common example of a prokaryote cell?

Answer 9

Bacteria

Question 10

What is a Eukaryote cell?

Answer 10

A usually multicellular cell with a nucleus

Question 11

If a cell has lots of mitochondria, does it have lots of energy?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Does Active Transport use energy?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What gradient does active transport use?

Answer 13

Low to high

Question 14

What type of energy does active transport use?

Answer 14

ATP

Question 15

What types of protein pumps are there?

Answer 15

Sodium Potassium
Proton
Coupled Transport

Question 16

What is endocytosis?

Answer 16

When molecules enter the cell with some of the membrane

Question 17

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 17

Solids entering

Question 18

What is pinocytosis?

Answer 18

Liquids going in

Question 19

What is receptor mediated endocytosis?

Answer 19

When the receptor proteins grab certain molecules and enter the cell

Question 20

What is exocytosis?

Answer 20

When molecules exit the cell

Question 21

What is cytosis?

Answer 21

When a large amount of particles move across the membrane - in or out

Question 22

What gradient is diffusion?

Answer 22

High to low

Question 23

Does diffusion require energy?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

When does diffusion stop?

Answer 24

When it reaches an equilibrium - the same amount on both sides

Question 25

What factors affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 25

The concentration The distance The surface area (large is good because of more room to go across) The physical barriers in the way

Question 26

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 26

When a substance is aided across the membrane by Ionophores

Question 27

What ratio for SA to V is good for diffusion?

Answer 27

Big surface area : Small volume

Question 28

VOLUME INCREASES FASTER THEN THE SURFACE AREA

Answer 28

YOU UNDERSTAND!!?!????!

Question 29

What is Osmosis?

Answer 29

When water diffuses in or out of a cell

Question 30

What is a HypERtonic solution?

Answer 30

When the water goes out, shrivelling up the cell.

Question 31

What is an Isotonic solution?

Answer 31

Where the water stays the same in and out of the cell

Question 32

What is a HyPOtonic solution?

Answer 32

When the water goes in, making the cell bulge (po the panda is fat)

Question 33

Where is the Mitochondria located in the cell?

Answer 33

In the cytoplasm

Question 34

What does the Mitochondria do?

Answer 34

Produces ATP energy

Question 35

What is a Catalyst?

Answer 35

A substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction

Question 36

What are enzymes?

Answer 36

A biological Catalyst that speeds up reactions. They are proteins!

Question 37

What is the name for where the reaction occurs in the enzyme?

Answer 37

The active site

Question 38

What enters the active site?

Answer 38

Substrate molecules

Question 39

Can enzymes be re-used?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

What is the lock and key hypothesis?

Answer 40

When the substrate fits perfectly into the molecule

Question 41

What is the optimal temperature for enzymes?

Answer 41

Around 40 degrees

Question 42

What happens after 40 degrees with the enzyme?

Answer 42

It starts to denature so the substrate cannot fit inside it

Question 43

DIFFERENT ENZYMES HAVE DIFFERENT pH RANGES

Answer 43

GOT IT?? The enzyme has an optimal pH range

Question 44

What do all enzymes end in (their word)

Answer 44

-ASEAN

Question 45

What is the induced fit model?

Answer 45

When the active site changes shape induced by the substrate

Question 46

How do you stop a enzyme reaction?

Answer 46

Environment - pH, Temp. and concentration Cofactors - block the active site with a blocker Inhibitors - don't touch the active site but still block it

Question 47

How do you speed up the enzyme reactions?

Answer 47

- the concentration - optimal conditions - saturation All have a cap and plateau after the cap