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Ms. Pollak's Class > Biology Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Biology Semester 1 Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the policy regarding eating and drinking in the lab?

A

Eating and drinking are completely prohibited in the lab.

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2
Q

What type of attire is required on lab days?

A

Goggles, lab coat, closed-toe shoes, and aprons

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3
Q

What is the policy on behavior in the lab and classroom?

A

Horseplay is prohibited in both the lab and the classroom.

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4
Q

How important is it to follow instructions given by the lab instructor?

A

Extremely important; all instructions must be followed.

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the eight characteristics of life?

A

Ability to Move

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6
Q

What characteristic of life involves an organism’s ability to respond to environmental changes?

A

Response to Stimuli

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7
Q

Which characteristic of life describes the process by which organisms maintain stable internal conditions?

A

Homeostasis

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8
Q

Which characteristic of life is concerned with the passing of genetic material to offspring?

A

Reproduction

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9
Q

What characteristic involves the process by which organisms change over time to better suit their environment?

A

Evolution

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10
Q

Which characteristic of life is essential for all living organisms to achieve energy transformation and use energy?

A

Metabolism

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11
Q

All living organisms must be able to move to be considered alive.

A

False

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12
Q

Reproduction is a characteristic of life that involves the creation of new organisms.

A

True

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13
Q

Homeostasis is a characteristic of life that describes how organisms adapt to their environment over time.

A

False

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14
Q

Growth and development are not necessary characteristics of life.

A

False

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15
Q

The first step in the scientific method is to make an _______ about a phenomenon or problem.

A

Observation

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16
Q

o test the hypothesis, an experiment is designed where the scientist manipulates the _______ variable and measures its effect on the _______ variable.

A

Independent, Dependent

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17
Q

The factor that is kept constant throughout the experiment is called the _______ variable.

A

Control

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18
Q

In a well-designed experiment, a _______ group is used as a baseline to compare with the experimental group.

A

Control

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19
Q

How many millimeters are in 3 centimeters?

A

30mm

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20
Q

Convert 500 grams to kilograms.

A

0.5kg

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21
Q

1,000 millimeters is equivalent to 1 meter.

A

true

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22
Q

100 milliliters is equivalent to 0.1 liters.

A

true

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23
Q

0.75 meters is equal to 75 centimeters.

A

true

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24
Q

0.00000023 converted to scientific notation is 2.3 x 10^6

A

false

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25
Q

The solar system consists of

A

The sun and all other bodies that revolve around the sun

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26
Q

In 1769, LaPlace hypothesized that the solar system formed at one time from a large, rotating cloud of gas and dust. This is the:

A

Nebular Hypothesis

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27
Q

At 10,000,000 degrees Celsius, hydrogen atoms fused to form helium through the process of:

A

Nuclear Fusion

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28
Q

When matter spinning around the sun began to pull together due to gravity, ______________ formed from the repeated collisions

A

Protoplanets

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29
Q

When gravity pulled more matter together to form larger Protoplanets, they eventually formed our:

A

Planets and Moons

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30
Q

Scientists believe the Earth formed __________ years ago.

A

4.6 Billion

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31
Q

_________________ was very hot, volcanic, and bombarded constantly by meteorites.

A

Early Earth

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32
Q

The first forms of life may have appeared about ____________ years ago.

A

3.5 Billion

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33
Q

Using ________________, we have been able to date the Earth to be approximately 4.6 billion years old.

A

Radiometric Dating

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34
Q

_______________ is the amount of time it takes for half of the original isotope to decay.

A

Half Life

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35
Q

______________ is a method used to determine the age of rocks by comparing them with layers of rocks.

A

Superposition

36
Q

This is the largest expanse of time.

A

Eaons

37
Q

Each Era is divided into_________.

A

Periods

38
Q

This scale divides the history of Earth into specific segments of time.

A

Geologic Time Scale

39
Q

Each Eon is divided into

A

Eras

40
Q

This scientist said flies come from other flies.

A

Francesco Redi

41
Q

These scientists showed that simple organic molecules could be formed from inorganic compounds.

A

Miller and Urey

42
Q

This scientist came up with the theory of biogenesis.

A

Louis Pasteur

43
Q

What scientists came up with the Primordial Soup Hypothesis?

A

Oparin and Haldane

44
Q

What scientist came up with the Endosymbiont Theory?

A

Lynn Margulis

45
Q

_________ was an English scientist who made important observations about the origins of species.

A

Charles Darwin

46
Q

In 1835, the HMS Beagle arrived in the _____________ islands.

A

Galapagos

47
Q

Darwin published his findings in the book ____________ by Natural Selection in 1859.

A

On the Origin of Species

48
Q

_____________ traits are newly evolved features that do not appear in fossils of common ancestors.

A

Derived

49
Q

____________ traits are primitive features that do appear in the fossils of common ancestors.

A

Ancestral

50
Q

Which of the following is a conclusion that can be drawn from studying comparative anatomy?

A

Species with similar structures are likely to be genetically related

51
Q

What did Darwin observe about South American animals during his travels?

A

South American animals were more similar to other South American animals than to animals in Europe

52
Q

What was the primary observation Darwin made about the finches on the Galápagos Islands?

A

They had slight differences depending on which island they lived on.

53
Q

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of natural selection according to Darwin?

A

Traits are passed on regardless of their impact on survival.

54
Q

What is the main difference between natural selection and artificial selection?

A

In artificial selection, humans choose traits for reproduction, while in natural selection, the environment determines which traits are beneficial.

55
Q

Which concept explains how species change over time to fit their environment?

A

Natural Selection

56
Q

What are homologous structures?

A

Structures inherited from a common ancestor that have a similar structure in different species

57
Q

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure in humans?

A

The human appendix

58
Q

Which of the following is an example of analogous structures?

A

The wings of birds and the wings of insects

59
Q

Which of the following is a conclusion that can be drawn from studying comparative anatomy?

A

Species with similar structures are likely to be genetically related.

60
Q

The theory of evolution by natural selection predicts that species will __________.

A

Change gradually through the accumulation of small, beneficial variations.

61
Q

What do similarities in DNA and RNA sequences between species indicate?

A

a common evolutionary ancestor

62
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of derived traits in evolutionary biology?

A

Derived traits are newly evolved features that appear in some species but not in their common ancestors.

63
Q

The presence of a tail and pharyngeal pouches in vertebrate embryos suggests that vertebrates share a __________.

A

common ancestor

64
Q

What is the main difference between mimicry and camouflage?

A

Camouflage allows species to blend in with the environment, while mimicry involves resembling another species.

65
Q

What is one of the key characteristics of primates’ manual dexterity?

A

They have an opposable first digit (thumb or great toe) that is set apart from the other digits.

66
Q

What does “binocular vision” allow primates to do?

A

Have overlapping fields of vision, allowing for depth perception

67
Q

What is a key characteristic of primate locomotion?

A

Primates have more flexible hips and shoulders, allowing them to swing from branch to branch.

68
Q

What is unique about primate brain development?

A

Primates have the largest brain in proportion to body size

69
Q

Why do primates have fewer offspring than many other animals?

A

Primate babies are more attached to their mothers and dependent on them for a longer period of time.

70
Q

Which adaptation in primates helps them grasp and manipulate objects?

A

Their opposable first digit on both hands and feet

71
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of human evolution?

A

Humans have a bipedal locomotion, allowing them to walk upright on two legs.

72
Q

What is the main difference between diurnal and nocturnal primates?

A

Diurnal primates are active during the day and see in color, while nocturnal primates are active at night and see in black and white.

73
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of Old World Monkeys?

A

They do not have prehensile tails

74
Q

What is a key characteristic of New World Monkeys?

A

They have prehensile tails that function like a fifth limb.

75
Q

Which of the following best describes a hominoid?

A

All non-monkey anthropoids, including humans and great apes like chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans.

76
Q

What is a characteristic of hominids

A

They have no tail and possess large brains in proportion to body size.

77
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of hominins

A

Bipedalism, the ability to walk on two legs.

78
Q

______: Organisms are unicellular and prokaryotic, and live in extreme environments such as hot springs or salty lakes.

A

Domain Archaea

79
Q

______: Organisms are unicellular and prokaryotic, found in common environments like soil, water, and on your skin.

A

Domain Bacteria

80
Q

______: Organisms are multicellular or unicellular, with complex cells that contain a nucleus, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

A

Domain Eukarya

81
Q

Domain Archaea has the kingdom of _____________.

A

Archaebacteria

82
Q

Domain Bacteria has the kingdom of _____________.

A

Eubacteria

83
Q

Domain Eukarya includes which of the following kingdoms?

A

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

84
Q

Which of the following kingdoms is NOT found in Domain Eukarya

A

Bacteria

85
Q

Which of the following is a kingdom within Domain Eukarya?

A

Protista

Ms. Pollak's Class (4 decks)

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