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Year 10 Science Revision (Book Section System) > Biology Section 3 ( and Cancer) > Flashcards

Biology Section 3 ( and Cancer) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

A disease caused by a pathogen

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2
Q

Give 3 examples of communicable diseases:

A
  • Measles
  • Covid 19
  • Malaria
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3
Q

Give 3 examples of non-communicable diseases:

A
  • Diabetes
  • Cancer
  • Lung Disease
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4
Q

Define the term; communicable

A

A disease that can spread from one organism to another

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5
Q

Define the term; non-communicable

A

A disease that is not passed from one organism to another

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6
Q

What is a risk factor?

A

Something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease is called a risk factor

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7
Q

What is the difference between a malignant and a benign tumour?

A

Malignant - they are cancers, they spread to other parts of the body and cause harm
Benign - cell growth that do not spread to other parts of the body

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8
Q

What is cancer?

A

Cancer is the result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division.

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9
Q

How do tumours form?

A

Cells should die when they grow old. Mutations can stop cells dying, causing them to keep dividing without dying

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10
Q

Describe how a tumour may spread to other parts of the body

A

Via the blood

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11
Q

What is a microorganism?

A

Microorganisms are tiny living organisms which can be viewed under the microscope.

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12
Q

Name the main microorganisms

A

The 4 main microorganisms are bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists.

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13
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A microorganism that can cause disease

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14
Q

What is the difference between a pandemic and an epidemic

A

Pandemic - an epidemic that spreads through human populations over a wide region
Epidemic - when the incidence rate of a certain disease exceeds what is expected based on recent experience

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15
Q

Describe 3 ways in which pathogens are transmitted

A

Water, Air, Vector, Direct Contact

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16
Q

Explain how bacteria and viruses can cause disease

A

Bacteria - produce toxins and reproduce rapidly
Viruses - invade cells and reproduce inside until cells burst open

17
Q

What is the smallest pathogen?

A

Virus

18
Q

What pathogen is not a living organism?

A

Virus

19
Q

Why can’t antibiotics be used to cure viral infections?

A

Because the virus is inside a cell, making it inaccessible to the antibiotic

20
Q

What are bacteria?

A

They are tiny cells that come in beneficial forms and pathogenic forms that cause disease. Bacteria can release toxins that damage tissues and make us ill

21
Q

What is malaria?

A

A disease caused by a protist called plasmodium

22
Q

How does malaria spread?

A

Through a vector (mosquitos)

23
Q

Describe 2 ways to prevent the spread of malaria

A
  • Stop mosquitos breeding
  • Bite prevention
  • Insect repellent
24
Q

Why do pathogenic diseases make you feel ill?

A
  • Because they produce toxins and damage cells
  • Your immune system is fighting them off with things like fevers
25
Q

What are the symptoms of salmonella?

A
  • Cramps
  • Fever
  • Vomiting
  • Headache
26
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A
  • Thick discharge from genitalia
27
Q

How is malaria treated?

A
  • Antimalarial medicines
28
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Muscle Pains
29
Q

What is the life cycle of a mosquito?

A
  1. Mosquito lays eggs
  2. Raft of eggs
  3. Larva
  4. Pupa
30
Q

How does our body prevent infection?

A
  • White blood cells
  • Platelets clotting wounds
  • Mucus in breathing pathways
31
Q

Your eyes prevent pathogens entering by…

A

Producing tears that contain an enzyme

32
Q

How do clots form over wounds? (4 marks)

A
  • Platelets in the blood are exposed to the air
  • This triggers them to produce fibrin, which forms a sticky mesh that platelets attach to
33
Q

How can pathogens get into our bodies?

A
  • Eyes
  • Mouth
  • Nose
  • Cuts
34
Q
A

Year 10 Science Revision (Book Section System) (8 decks)

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