Biology Section 2

Question 1

Label this diagram

Answer 1

Question 2

Why is digestion necessary?

Answer 2

Because it breaks down food for usage by the body

Question 3

Explain how physical digestion is different to chemical digestion

Answer 3

Physical digestion is the breaking down of food into smaller pieces, whereas chemical digestion is the breakdown of food by enzymes into smaller molecules for absorption by the blood

Question 4

What enzyme reacts starch to glucose

Answer 4

Amylase

Question 5

In most organisms cells are arranged into what?

Answer 5

Tissues

Question 6

Glandular tissue produces what?

Answer 6

Substances such as enzymes and hormones

Question 7

What are organs?

Answer 7

Groups of different tissues, which all work together to perform a specific job

Question 8

List some types of tissues in the stomach

Answer 8

-Muscle tissue that contracts to churn the contents
-Glandular tissue to produce digestive juices
-Epithelial tissue to cover the outside and inside of the stomach

Question 9

What are organ systems?

Answer 9

Organs organised into groups working together to do a particular job

Question 10

What are enzymes?

Answer 10

Biological catalysts - they speed up chemical reactions in living organisms

Question 11

What is denaturing

Answer 11

When high temperatures and extremes of pH make enzymes change shapes

Question 12

What is the ‘lock and key theory’?

Answer 12

A model used to explain how enzymes work: the chemical that reacts is called the substrate (key) and it fits into the enzyme’s active site (lock)

Question 13

What is Amylase?

Answer 13

-Produced in the salivary glands and the pancreas
-Is a carbohydrase that breaks down starch into sugar (maltose)

Question 14

What is Protease?

Answer 14

-Is produced in the stomach, pancreas and the small intestine
-Breaks down proteins into amino acids

Question 15

What is Lipase?

Answer 15

-Is produced in the pancreas and small intestine
-Breaks down lipids (fats) into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 16

What is Bile?

Answer 16

-A liquid made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
-It is alkaline to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach
-Emulsifies fat to form small droplets, increasing the surface area for enzymes to act on.
-The alkaline conditions and large surface area increase the rate at which fat is broken down by lipase

Question 17

What type of molecule is an enzyme?

Answer 17

A protein

Question 18

Give two factors that affect how enzymes work

Answer 18

Temperature and pH

Question 19

Where are protease enzymes produced in the body

Answer 19

Stomach, pancreas and small intestine

Question 20

What type of enzyme breaks down lipids

Answer 20

Lipase

Question 21

Where is Bile produced?

Answer 21

The liver

Question 22

What is blood made of?

Answer 22

A liquid called plasma which has three different components suspended in it:
-red blood cells
-white blood cells
-platelets

Question 23

Red blood cells contain:

Answer 23

Haemoglobin, which binds to oxygen to transport it from the lungs to the tissues and cells, which need it for respiration

Question 24

What are platelets?

Answer 24

Fragments of cells, which collect at wounds and trigger blood clotting

Question 25

What do arteries do?

Answer 25

Take blood from your heart to your organs

Question 26

What do veins do?

Answer 26

take blood from your organs to your heart

Question 27

What do capillaries do?

Answer 27

Allow substances produced and needed by cells to pass in and out of the blood.

Question 28

The heart pumps blood around the body in a:

Answer 28

Double circulatory system.

Question 29

There are four chambers in the heart:
-the left and right —–, which receive blood from the veins
-the left and right ———-, which pump the blood out of the arteries

Answer 29

Atria
Ventricles

Question 30

The natural resting heart rate is controlled by a group of cells located in the right atrium, which act as a ——

Answer 30

Pacemaker

Question 31

The heart sends blood to the lungs via the

Answer 31

pulmonary artery

Question 32

Air obtained by breathing reaches the lungs through the ——-, (windpipe), which has rings of ———– to prevent it collapsing

Answer 32

Trachea
Cartilage

Question 33

Which component of blood makes it clot?

Answer 33

Platelets

Question 34

How are red blood cells adapted to carry oxygen?

Answer 34

-They don’t have a nucleus to allow for more room for haemoglobin
-They are very small, so they can fit through the tiny capillary
-Are shaped like biconcave discs, giving them a large surface area that oxygen can quickly diffuse across

Question 35

Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart

Answer 35

Artery

Question 36

In which chamber does deoxygenated blood enter the heart

Answer 36

Right atrium

Question 37

What do the heart and veins contain to prevent backflow of blood

Answer 37

Valves

Question 38

What controls the resting heart rate?

Answer 38

A group of cells which act as a pacemaker

Question 39

Label this diagram

Answer 39

Question 40

Describe Veins

Answer 40

-Take blood from your organs to your heart
-Thinner walls and valves to prevent backflow

Question 41

Describe Arteries

Answer 41

-Take blood from your heart to your organs
-Thick walls made from muscle and elastic fibres

Question 42

Describe Capillaries

Answer 42

-Allow substances needed by the cells to pass out of the blood
-Allow substances produced by the cells to pass into the blood
-Narrow, thin-walled blood vessels