Biology Revision Y7 End Of Year Exams Flashcards
MRS GREN
Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition
Difference between breathing and respiration?
Breathing is the process of taking fresh air into your lungs and getting rid of carbon dioxide in your lungs, respiration is the process which takes place in every cell to release energy from the simple sugars (eg glucose) by reacting glucose with oxygen
Difference between excretion and egestion?
Excretion, is the removal of toxic materials, waste products and excess substances for organisms, egestion is the passing out of undigested food as faeces, through the anus
Word equation for respiration
Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
Word equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water = oxygen + glucose
Function of the ribosomes
Makes proteins
Function of the cell membrane is an animal cell?
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
Function of mitochondria in an animal cell?
Site of respiration
Function of cytoplasm in an animal cell?
Sight of the other chemical reactions
Function of the nucleus in an animal cell?
Controls all activities
Function of chloroplast in an animal cell?
Absorbs light for photosynthesis
Function of the vacuole in a plant cell?
Keeps the cell in place and stores waste
Function of the cell wall in a plant cell?
Maintains the shape
Groups (tissues eg)
Cells are grouped into tissues, tissues are groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function, and organs are grouped into organ systems
Main organs for plants?
Leaves, stem, roots
Respiratory organ system?
The lungs, airway and blood
Urinary
.
Nervous organ system?
Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin
Digestive organ system?
Mouth, oesophogus, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, anus
Circulatory organ system?
The heart and all the blood vessels in the body which carry cells and substances to all its parts
Food test for starch
IODINE = BROWN OR ORANGE = POSITIVE
Food test for glucose?
BENEDICTS = ORANGE OR RED = POSITIVE
Food test for protein?
BIURET = PURPLE = POSITIVE
A balanced diet contains:
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water
Carbohydrates?
Examples: bread, cereal
Gives energy
Proteins?
Example: fish, chicken
Growth and repair
Fats (lipids)?
Examples: nuts, butter
Gives energy, stores energy
Vitamins?
Examples: fruits, vegetables
Small amounts to maintain health
Minerals?
Examples: salt, milk
Small amounts to maintain health
Fibre?
Example: vegetables, bran
To help the food move through the digestive system
Water?
Examples: water, juice
Needed for cells and body fluids
Peristalsis?
Food moves through the digestive system, uses muscular contractions to push food along
Difference between mechanical (physical) and chemical digestion
Mechanical digestion physically breaks down food into smaller molecules.
Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break the food molecules down.
Ingestion
The process of food entering the mouth and going into the digestive system
Digestion
Breaking down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones that we absorb into the blood
Absorption
The process of which small soluble food molecules pass through the wall of the small intestine into the bloodstream
What are digestive enzymes produced to do
Digestive enzymes are produced by our body to digest large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble food molecules, to enable absorption in the blood
The three enzymes:
Carbohydrase, protease and lipase
Where does carbohydrate digestion begin
In the mouth with a carbohydrase enzyme produced with saliva
Where does protease digestion start
In the stomach with a protease enzyme
Where does fat digestion begin
In the small intestine with a lipase enzyme
Five kingdoms and an example
Animals - dog
Fungi - athletes foot
Protoctists - amoebia
Prokaryotes - E.coli
Plants - rose
What’s a microbe?
A tiny organism that can only be seen in detail using a microscope, they grow in warm, moist, protein rich enviro environments
Pathogen
A harmful or disease causing bacteria
What is diffusion
The movement of particles from higher to lower concentration
Carbon cycle
Sunlight, photosynthesis, feeding, respiration, fossilisation, combustion, excrution, egestion, decomposition
Key processes of the carbon cycle
Photosynthesis, take sunlight, absorbs carbon dioxide and turns it into sugar/starch = energy
Respiration, living organisms release carbon dioxide
Combustion, burning fossil fuels to release carbon dioxide
Decomposition, dead carbon organisms broken down by fungi/bacteria
