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Flashcards > Biology (Respiratory System) > Flashcards

Biology (Respiratory System) Flashcards

1
Q

What is inspiration?

A

Inhaling

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2
Q

What is expiration?

A

Exhaling

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3
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

Cells that use oxygen to create energy for the body ; creates carbon dioxide and other wastes

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4
Q

Where does external respiration takes place?

A

Takes place in the lungs and involves the exchange, of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules between the air and the blood.

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5
Q

Where does the Internal respiration take place?

A

Takes place with in the body and involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules between the blood and tissue fluids.

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6
Q

What functions do the nasal and oral cavities do?

A

They filter, warm, and humidify air

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7
Q

How are oral and nasal cavities separated?

A

They are separated by the hard and soft palates

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8
Q

What does the tiny hairs and mucous in the nasal and oral cavities trap?

A

They trap bacteria, viruses, and other airborne material

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9
Q

Where is the Pharynx located?

A

Its the opening where the nasal and oral cavities meet and can also be called the throat

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10
Q

What does the epiglottis do?

A

It covers the trachea when food is swallowed

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11
Q

What is the larynx?

A

The larynx is somewhere in the throat containing the vocal cords

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12
Q

What is the glottis?

A

It is a variable sized opening at the top of the larynx

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13
Q

How are high tones caused by the vocal chords?

A

They are caused when the cords are tense

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14
Q

How are the low tones caused by the vocal chords?

A

They are caused when the chords are relaxed

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15
Q

How is sound produced from the vocal chords?

A

They are produced when the air passes through the glottis, vibrating the cords, producing sound.

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16
Q

What is the trachea made of?

A

The tube is made of smooth muscle supported by rings of cartilage

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17
Q

What does the cilia (tiny hairs) line do?

A

They sweep out mucous and trapped debris back up in the trachea ( smoking kills the cilia and increases mucous production)

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18
Q

What is the Bronchi?

A

Its the two tubes divided by the trachea, one leading to each lung

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19
Q

What does the bronchi branch into?

A

They branch into bronchiole

20
Q

What are at the end of the bronchiole?

A

Alveoli sacs

21
Q

How many lobes does the right lung divide into?

A

3

22
Q

How many lobes does the left lung divide into?

A

2 (to fit around the heart)

23
Q

What does each lobe in the lungs divide into?

A

They divide into lobules (each lobule has a bronchiole serving many alveoli)

24
Q

What is the alveolus made of?

A

Its made of a thin layer of cells (epithelium) surrounded by capillaries (tiny blood vessels)

25
Q

What does the thin layers of alveoli and capillaries do?

A

They allow gasses to pass through and the gas exchanges occurs between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries.

26
Q

Do you breath in before breathing out or do you breath out before breathing in?

A

Inspiration is before expiration

27
Q

[True or False]
The pressure differences between the atmosphere and the lungs determine air movement.

A

True

28
Q

[True or False]
The atmospheric pressure lower than the lung pressure when breathing in.

A

False

29
Q

What is the difference between bronchi and bronchus?

A

Bronchi = two
Bronchus = singular

30
Q

What does the diaphragm do?

A

It helps you inhale and exhale as when you breath in or out it contracts so in turn it lets the lungs expand.

31
Q

What is regulatory breathing controlled by?

A

The medulla oblongata

32
Q

Factors that can influence breathing rate

A

-Chemicals in the Blood
-Stretching the Lung Tissue
-Emotional State

33
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

They are special nerve cells that monitors the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood

34
Q

What do the carbon dioxide receptors do?

A

-Carbon dioxide dissolves in the blood to form an acid (Carbonic acid)

-The level of acid is monitored by receptors in the medulla oblongata

-If carbon dioxide levels increase, the medulla oblongata sends a signal to the muscles of the diaphragm and ribs to increase breathing rate.

35
Q

What do oxygen receptors (Back up system) do?

A

-Receptors in the carotid artery and aorta detect level of oxygen

-This is only a back up and these receptors are only stimulated when oxygen levels drop and carbon dioxide levels remain constant
Ex. carbon monoxide poisoning, high altitude.

-Receptors send a signal to the medulla oblongata which stimulates the muscles in the chest and cause an increase in breathing rate.

36
Q

What is gas diffusion?

A

Each gas diffuses from areas of high concentration (pressure) to an area of low concentration (pressure).

37
Q

What is partial pressure?

A

Its the pressure that a single gas exerts

38
Q

What are the two methods of the transporting of oxygen?

A
  • As a dissolved gas in the plasma (Watery portion)
  • carried by hemoglobin
39
Q

How much does the transport of gas account for in oxygen transport?

A

3%

40
Q

How much does the transport of hemoglobin occur in the RBC and accounts for oxygen transport?

A

97%

41
Q

What are the three factors that cause oxygen release by hemoglobin?

A

-Temperature

-Blood PH

Oxygen concentration

42
Q

What are the three ways that carbon dioxide is transported in our blood?

A

-Transport in Blood Plasma

-Transport in the cytoplasm of RBC

-Transport of hemoglobin

43
Q

How much carbon dioxide is dissolved in the plasma?

A

7%

44
Q

How much carbon dioxide moves into RBC cytoplasm?

A

70%

45
Q

CO2 + H20 = ?

A

H2CO3 (carbonic acid)

46
Q

What is carbonic anhydrase?

A

It is an enzyme that helps make carbonic acid

Flashcards (2 decks)

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