Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Flashcards > Biology (Digestive System) > Flashcards

Biology (Digestive System) Flashcards

1
Q

3 main categories of food we eat

A

Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

The combination of two monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

They are the most simplest sugars, containing a single sugar unit.

A

Monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

are carbohydrates formed from the union of many monosaccharides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Cellulose?

A

They are what the plant cell is made up of the polysaccharide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is fat an unsaturated fatty acid?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Lipids made up of?

A

They are made up of glycerol and fatty acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are Triglycerides?

A

A common lipid made from one glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids?

A

Unsaturated fats = a liquid in room temp. and have no double bonds between carbon atoms.
Saturated fats = Solid at room temp. and have at least one double bond between carbon atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are lipids important for?

A

-longer term energy storage
-Key components for cells (phospholipid bilayers)
-Cushion delicate organs
-Carry vitamins in your body
-Serves for building bonds for hormones
-insulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many different amino acids are there?

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glucose + Glucose = ?

A

Maltose (Malt sugar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Glucose + Fructose = ?

A

Sucrose (table sugar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Galactose + Glucose = ?

A

Lactose (milk sugar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are polypeptides?

A

Strings of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What elements do Carbohydrates contain?

A

Hydrogen, Carbon, and Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why are carbohydrates important?

A

They are the main food source for living things to get energy from.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why are monosaccharides the fastest form of energy from the body?

A

The cells break them down easier.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a polymer?

A

An entire polysaccharide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a complex carbohydrate?

A

They are also called Polysaccharide which is a chain of multiple monosaccharides chemically bonded together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Each individual monosaccharide in the polymer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the Digestive System do to starches?

A

Breaks them down into glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a Glycogen?

A

An extra glucose that the body doesn’t need for energy and are stored as polysaccharides which can be found in the liver or skeletal muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the most common feature in Lipids?

A

They don’t dissolve in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are 4 types of Lipids?

A

fats, Oil, Waxes, and Steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is an Enzyme?

A

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the protein building block?

A

Amino acid molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a amino acid?

A

Small protein molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How do Amino acids form protein?

A

When Amino acids chemically bond together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What determines the function of a protein?

A

The proteins final folded shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What happens when a protein changes shape?

A

It can cause a protein to lose functionality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is denatured?

A

A protein changing shape by either breaking and unfolding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is indigestion?

A

When taking in of nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is digestion?

A

The breakdown of complex organic molecules into smaller components by enzymes.

35
Q

What is absorption?

A

The transport of digested nutrients to the cells of the body.

36
Q

When does indigestion happens?

A

It begins when with putting food in the mouth.

37
Q

What does the salivary glands do?

A

It produces saliva which is a mixture of water and enzymes.

38
Q

What are amylase enzymes and why are they necessary?

A

There are enzymes that breakdown complex carbohydrates also known as polysaccharides.

39
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

It covers the opening to the trachea (windpipe)

40
Q

What are the only voluntary control we have over food movement in digestion?

A

Swallowing and egestion

41
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The rhythmic, wavelike contraction of smooth muscle and it also moves food along the entire digestive tract.

42
Q

What is the PH of the stomach?

A

2

43
Q

What is the PH of the small intestine?

A

9

44
Q

What is the PH of the mouth?

A

7

45
Q

What are the sphincter muscles?

A

The rings of muscle that encircle places along the digestive tract.

46
Q

What is the cardiac sphincter?

A

It contracts to close the opening to the stomach or relaxes to open.

47
Q

What the 3 different types of cells that the wall of the stomach is made out of?

A

Mucous, Parietal, and Peptic

48
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

It regulates the movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine.

49
Q

What does the mucous lining of the stomach prevent?

A

It prevents HCI from corroding the stomach and prevents pepsin from digesting the proteins in the stomach wall.

50
Q

What would happen if the mucus lining breaks down?

A

The cells would be exposed to HCI and it destroys them causing an ulcer(a sore part in the body)

51
Q

What does the mucous cells do?

A

They secrete a protective coating

52
Q

What does the parietal cells do?

A

They secrete HCI

53
Q

What does the peptic cells do?

A

They secrete pepsinogen, the inactive form of protein digesting enzymes pepsin.

54
Q

Factors affecting enzyme reactions

A

PH, Substrate molecule concentration, Temperature, and competitive inhibition

55
Q

What is a catalysts?

A

They are chemicals that speed up chemical reactions at low temperatures without altering the products formed by the reaction.

56
Q

What is the active site of an enzyme?

A

It is the area that joins with the substrate molecules.

57
Q

What is the name of the chemical used to test for glucose?

A

Benedict’s Solution

58
Q

What is the length and diameter of the small intestine?

A

Length=3.4 meters long
Diameter=2.5 centimeters wide

59
Q

What does the liver produce and store?

A

Glycogen and vitamins

60
Q

What is the part of the small intestine that does the majority of digestion?

A

Duedenom

61
Q

What part of the small intestine does the most absorption?

A

Jejudem

62
Q

What part of the small intestine does the last bit absorption, picks up the leftover undigested materials?

A

Ileum

63
Q

What and Where are Lacteals found in the digestion process?

A

In the small intestine, it provides a drainage route for absorbed lipids. Lymphatic vessel in the centre of each intestinal villis.

64
Q

What is erepsin, and what is its function?

A

A digestive enzyme that digests peptones and peptides into amino acids found in intestinal juices. It is produced in the intestinal glands of the Ileum and pancreas.

65
Q

What is Enterokinase?

A

An enzyme of the small intestine that converts trypsinogen to trypsin.

66
Q

Trypsinogen

A

Activated by the duedenom by Enterokinase, which is produced in the cells lining the duedenom.

67
Q

Trypsin

A

An active enzyme form that’s from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine.

68
Q

Lipase

A

An enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.

69
Q

Phospholipase

A

An enzyme that breaks down phospholipids, the lipids of our cell membranes.

70
Q

Pepsinogen

A

An inactive enzyme form that is released in the stomach and reacts with HCI to create Pepsin.

71
Q

Pepsin

A

An active form of an enzyme that is present in gastric juices of the stomach that begins the hydrolysis of proteins.

72
Q

Salivary amylase

A

An enzyme in Salvia that breaks down the chemical binds in starches.

73
Q

Secretin

A

Peptic hormone produced by the mucous lining of the small intestine.

74
Q

Gastrin

A

A digestive hormone secreted by the stomach lining, it stimulates the secretion of fluid by gastric glands in the stomach.

75
Q

Bicarbonate

A

Helps regulate PH by binding to or releasing hydrogen ions.

76
Q

Bile salts

A

Substances found in bile, which combines fats in the duedenom.

77
Q

Esophagus

A

A muscular tube that moves food to the stomach using peristalsis or wave length muscular contractions.

78
Q

Large intestine

A

The last section of the digestive system is where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material and is excreted from the body.

79
Q

Small intestine

A

Responsible for most chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients.

80
Q

Gall bladder

A

Stores bile that is produced in the liver until it is needed in the duedenom. Also, it breaks down and absorbs fats for foods.

81
Q

Liver

A

Organ that makes bile to break down fats; also filters poisons and drugs out of the blood. Protein synthesis, storage of vitamins, and minerals.

82
Q

Pancreas

A

A gland that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins and produce sodium bicarbonate a base that neutralizes stomach acid; the stomach has a PH of 2.

83
Q

Pancreatic amylase

A

Picks up the half digested starches from the salivary amylase enzyme and further breaks it down.

Flashcards (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions