Biology Respiration

Question 1

What process occurs in all cells to release energy?

Answer 1

Respiration

Question 2

Define respiration

Answer 2

Respiration is a chemical process that breaks down glucose to product energy. It occurs in all cells.

Question 3

Which process allows oxygen to travel from the alveoli to the blood?

Answer 3

Diffusion

Question 4

Define diffusion

Answer 4

diffusion is the process that allows:
1. oxygen to move from the alveoli to the blood
2. Co2 to move from the blood to the alveoli

It works on the basis of maintaining concentration gradients (for e.g. there is more oxygen in the alveoli than the blood so it moves across).

Question 5

in the blood, how is oxygen carried?

Answer 5

In red blood cells

Question 6

True or false, breathing and ventilation are the same?

Answer 6

True - ventilation is the physical process of inhaling and exhaling

Question 7

How many alveoli are found within the lungs

Answer 7

Millions

Question 8

What gas is diffused out of the blood and into the alveoli?

Answer 8

Carbon dioxide - a waste product that needs to be excreted (via exhalation)

Question 9

Where in the lungs does oxygen diffuse into the blood?

Answer 9

Alveoli

Question 10

What features of the alveoli make them great at diffusing gases?

Answer 10

1. Large surface area
2. 1 cell thick (therefore thin)
3. Moist

Question 11

If air is moving into the lung what does the diaphragm do

Answer 11

It contracts and moves DOWNwards (baloon)

Question 12

Air moves into the lungs, what do the intercostal muscles do

Answer 12

They move up and out/contract - causing the ribs to move up and out

Question 13

True and false, breathing and respiration are the same

Answer 13

False - breathing is ventilation and respiration is the chemical reaction in cells that produces energy.

Question 14

Function of the Trachea

Answer 14

This is also called the windpipe. This tube runs from the mouth, down the throat towards the lungs. It is lined with rings of
cartilage
which keep it open at all times.

Question 15

Function of the bronchus

Answer 15

The trachea splits into a left and right bronchus (plural: bronchi), each leads to a lung.

Question 16

Function of the Bronchioles

Answer 16

Each bronchus splits again and again into thousands of smaller tubes called bronchioles which take the air deeper into the lungs.

Question 17

Function of Alveoli

Answer 17

At the ends of bronchioles are tiny air sacs called alveoli. Here oxygen moves into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out.

Question 18

Function of Intercostal muscles

Answer 18

These muscles run between the ribs and form the chest wall. They contract and relax with the diaphragm when a person breathes.

Question 19

Function of the diaphragm

Answer 19

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped, flat sheet of muscle under the lungs. It contracts and relaxes with the intercostal muscles during breathing.