Biology random stuff

Question 1

CORMS

Answer 1

Change
Organism
Repeat
Measure
Same

Question 2

Test for sugar

Answer 2

Benedicts Reagant (heated) changes from blue green to yellow red

Question 3

Test for starch

Answer 3

iodine turns blue black purpley

Question 4

Test for protein

Answer 4

biuret solution changes from blue to pink purple

Question 5

Test for lipids (fats)

Answer 5

Ethanol and water added and a cloudy emulsification formed on top

Question 6

Muscle cell specialized adaptations

Answer 6

• contract and relax
• lots of mitochondria (to provide energy to contract)
• can store glycogen which is used in respiration

Question 7

Nerve cell specialized adaptations

Answer 7

• long axon to allow the electrical impulses to travel long distances
• many dendrites to connect to other cells to recieve impulses
• many mitochondria for more energy to form neurotransmitters

Question 8

Xylem cell adaptations

Answer 8

• lignin is deposited causing cells to die and become hollow and join together forming a tube
• this allows water and mineral ions to flow through continuously thanks to hydrogen bonding
• transpiration stream created thanks to water evaporating at the leaves

Question 9

Phloem cell adaptations

Answer 9

• cell walls break down to form a sieve plate allowing substances to move from cell to cell
• (mitochondria in)companion cells provide energy to keep cells alive
• transport sucrose and amino acids between leaves and other bits of plant (translocation)
• food substances can be moved both ways up and down the plant

Question 10

what are proteins made out of (not amino acids)

Answer 10

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorous.

Question 11

a solution hypertonic to the cell definition

Answer 11

solution where concentration of sugar of external solution is higher than internal, so water moves out of the cell

Question 12

a solution hypotonic to the cell definition

Answer 12

solution where concentration of sugar of external solution is lower than internal, so water moves into the cell

Question 13

mineral ions required for plants

Answer 13

nitrates and magnesium ions

Question 14

function of nitrates for plants and deficiency

Answer 14

• needed to produce amino acids for proteins
• deficiency causes stunted growth and leaves to go yellow

Question 15

function of magnesium for plants and deficiency

Answer 15

• needed to produce chlorophyll
• deficiency causes leaves to turn yellow

Question 16

Vitamin A sources and function in humans

Answer 16

• carrots, green vegetables
• needed for vision (especially in dark) and growth

Question 17

Vitamin C sources and function in humans

Answer 17

• citrus, broccoli, peppers
• helps to absorb iron

Question 18

Vitamin D sources and function in humans

Answer 18

• margarine, oily fish
• helps to absorb calcium

Question 19

Calcium sources, function and deficiency

Answer 19

• milk
• bone and teeth strength
• rickets

Question 20

Iron sources, function and deficiency

Answer 20

• red meat
• haemoglobin
• anaemia

Question 21

Water sources and function

Answer 21

• water
• needed for cell reactions to take place

Question 22

function of the pancreas

Answer 22

secretes carbohydrase, protease and lipase

Question 23

contents of gastric juice

Answer 23

• pepsin (breaks down proteins)
• hydrochloric acid (makes it acidic to kill bacteria and for pepsin to work)

Question 24

practical to measure energy in food sample

Answer 24

1) Pour cold water into a boiling tube
2) Record the starting temperature of the water with a thermometer
3) Record the mass of the food sample on a scale
4) Heat the food on a Bunsen burner until it catches fire
5) Put the sample underneath the test tube base to heat the water
6) Record the final temperature once the food stops burning
7) Use specific heat capacity equation to figure out energy content - (Energy transferred (J) = temperature increase (°C) x mass of water (g) x 4.2 (J/g°C)

Question 25

fermentation equation

Answer 25

glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 26

properties of arteries

Answer 26

• thick layers of muscle
• elastic fibres so they can stretch to withstand high pressure

Question 27

properties of veins

Answer 27

• wide lumen so low pressure blood can flow through
• valves so blood flows in right direction

Question 28

ADH function

Answer 28

to make blood less concentrated by making kidney tubules more permeable to water - causing more concentrated urine and less concentrated blood

Question 29

ultrafiltration location and substances involved

Answer 29

• out the capillary and into the Bowman’s capsule
• water, salts, glucose and urea

Question 30

when is glucose reabsorbed, where and how

Answer 30

immediately after ultrafiltration it is reabsorbed in the first convoluted tubule via active transport

Question 31

what is absorbed in the loop of henle

Answer 31

some salts

Question 32

where is water reabsorbed

Answer 32

collecting duct

Question 33

what is urine made of

Answer 33

urea, salts and water

Question 34

accommodation when looking at a near object

Answer 34

• ciliary muscles contract
• suspensory ligaments slacken
• lens becomes fatter so light is refracted more

Question 35

accommodation when looking at a far object

Answer 35

• ciliary muscles relax
• suspensory ligaments stretch
• lens becomes thinner so light is refracted less

Question 36

function of phosphates for plants

Answer 36

required for respiration and root growth

Question 37

function of potassium for plants

Answer 37

needed for growth of flowers and fruit as it allows enzyme reactions to occur

Question 38

in a plant vein cross section, which is outside and which is inside (phloem and xylem)

Answer 38

xylem is on the outside and phloem is on the inside

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https://www.google.com/search?q=xylem+and+phloem+image&safe=active&rlz=1C1GCEA_enGB972GB972&sxsrf=ALiCzsaF0PozA-m2gARRD4MLYqAsB_TBZQ:1671906144371&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwil0tTe75L8AhV3WqQEHY9aCCAQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1536&bih=746&dpr=1.25#imgrc=PQjPr5fTn9v7rM