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Gr 10 Science > Biology quiz > Flashcards

Biology quiz Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell Theory

A

All living things are made up of one or more cells

The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes

All cells came from other cells and not non-living matter

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2
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Simplest type of cells

First type of cells to have evolved

Lack nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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3
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

More complex than prokaryotic cells

Have many specialized parts called organelles

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Plant and animal

Jelly like fluid

Provides an environment for chemical reactions to occur in the cell

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5
Q

Cell membrane

A

Plant and animal

Selective permeable phospholipid bilayer that isolates the cell interior from the exterior

Regulates what enters and exits the cell and has receptors that helps the cell communicate

Cell membrane diffusion moves particles from an are of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equal

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6
Q

Cell wall

A

Plant only

Rigid porous structure made of cellulose just outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Provides support and protection

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

Plant and animal

A roughly spherical organelle enclosed by a double membrane

Contains DNA which contains coded instructions for all cell proteins

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8
Q

Nucleolus

A

Plant and animal

Darker area inside the nucleus

Place where ribosomes are synthesized

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9
Q

Mitochondria

A

Double membrane bound organelle with a highly folded inner membrane

Power house of the cell where cellular respiration occurs

Cellular respiration: chemical process in which glucose is converted into carbon dioxide, water and energy

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10
Q

Chloroplast

A

Plant only

In plant cells that are exposed to light

Contains the green pigment - chlorophyll

Place where photosynthesis occurs

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11
Q

Golgi bodies

A

Plant and animal

A stack of membranes

Produces and packages substances for secretion out of the cell

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12
Q

Ribosomes

A

Plant and animal

Small structures(tiny little dots)

Protein synthesis occurs there

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13
Q

Vacuole

A

Plants and animals(larger in plants)

A membrane bound sac

Used for storage of water, waste, food etc

Plants have really large central vacuole full of water

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14
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Plants and animals

A system of membranes (like tubes and pockets)

Used for transport of material in the cell

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15
Q

Lysosome

A

Animal only

Small vesicle containing digestive enzymes

“Suicide sac”

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16
Q

Cilia

A

Animal only

Hair like structures

Used for movement

17
Q

Flagellum

A

Animal only

Whip like “tail” used for movement

18
Q

Centrioles

A

Animal only

Tubules at right angles to each other

Organize spindle fibre during cell division

19
Q

Reasons for cell division not related to reproduction

A

Growth

Repair

Maintenance

20
Q

Interphase

G1, S, G2

A

Part of cell cycle when cell performs its normal functions and DNA is copied for cell division

21
Q

Mitosis

And 4 stages

A

Part of the cell cycle when the DNA in the nucleus is divided

  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
22
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The stage in the cell cycle when the cytoplasm divides to complete cell division

23
Q

Daughter cells

A

2 genetically identical nee cells formed when one parent cell divides

24
Q

Chromosomes

A

Every cell contains chromosomes(formed from chromatin)

Each chromosome is a long piece of coiled DNA and proteins
I.e. humans have 46 chromosomes,hermit crabs have 254

For mitosis to occur, each chromosome must be copied. The identical copies are called sister chromatids

25
Q

Stages of mitosis

A

Early prophase

Late prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

26
Q

Stage 1

Early prophase

A

Chromatin shortens and thickens (condenses) to make chromosomes

Nucleolus disappears

Spindle fibres form

27
Q

Stage 2

Late prophase

A

Individual chromosomes can now be seen

Each consists of two identical sister chromatids

The nuclear membrane is breaking down

28
Q

Stage 3

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes are connected to the spindle fibre at its centromere

Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell

29
Q

Stage 4

Anaphase

A

Centromere splits, and the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell

This pull occurs due to spindle fibres shortening

30
Q

Stage 5

Telophase

A

Daughter chromosomes reach the poles and start to unravel(lose condensed form)

Nuclear membrane forms and spindles have disappeared

31
Q

Stage 5ish

Cytokinesis

A

Occurs during telophase

Cell membrane pinches in and cytoplasm divides

After cytokinesis - two new daughter cells enter interphase

Gr 10 Science (4 decks)

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