Biology PT2

Question 1

Enzyme

Answer 1

a protein biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Question 2

Active site is a part of an enzyme that is

Answer 2

specific and complementary in terms of shape and charge to the substrate

Question 3

Substrate

Answer 3

the reactant in an enzyme reaction

Question 4

Induced fit (enzyme theory)

Answer 4

The idea that enzymes and substrates mould together

Question 5

Lock and key (enzyme theory)

Answer 5

The idea that enzymes and their substrates fit together in a rigid manner.

Question 6

Non-competitive inhibitors

Answer 6

Chemicals that bind to an allosteric site and change the 3D shape of an enzyme’s active site so it no longer functions.

Question 7

Products

Answer 7

The resultant chemicals produced by an enzyme reaction from the initial substrate.

Question 8

Enzyme complex

Answer 8

formed when an enzyme is bound to a substrate following a successful collision.

Question 9

Competitive inhibitors

Answer 9

Chemicals that are complementary in terms of shape and charge to the enzyme active site.
They occupy the active site, thus slowing down the rate of a reaction as less enzyme-substrate complexes form

Question 10

what happens to a denatured enzyme?

Answer 10

3D shape of an enzyme, changing the shape of the active site, so it is no longer complementary and specific to substrate

Question 11

Anabolic reactions

Answer 11

Reactions that build chemicals
AKA: synthesis reactions
e.g. photosynthesis

Question 12

Catabolic reactions

Answer 12

Reactions that break chemicals down
AKA: decomposition reactions
e.g.aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration

Question 13

Endergonic reactions

Answer 13

Energy-requiring reactions

link to anabolic reactions

Question 14

Exergonic reactions

Answer 14

Energy-releasing reactions

link to catabolic reactions

Question 15

Activation energy

Answer 15

The energy required to make a reaction begin.

Question 16

Competitive inhibitors - role

Answer 16

occupy the active site

slow down the rate of a reaction

Question 17

what happens to an inactive enzyme?

Answer 17

it has low kinetic energy but has not changed tertiary structure or 3D shape of the active site

Question 18

Causes of denaturation of enzymes

Answer 18

high or low pH and high temperatures

Question 19

factors that affect enzyme reaction rate

Answer 19

pH
Temperature
Substrate concentration
Enzyme concentration
Competitive inhibitors
Non-Competitive inhibitors

Question 20

Metabolism

Answer 20

the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism.

Question 21

A reaction where there is more energy in the products than reactants is classified as ..

Answer 21

Anabolic/ synthesis and endergonic

Question 22

A reaction where there is more energy in the reactants than products is classified as ..

Answer 22

Catabolic/ decomposition and exergonic

Question 23

Draw a 3 part diagram to show an enzyme reaction

Question 24

Draw a diagram to show the impact of a non-competitive inhibitor on the enzyme active site

Question 25

Draw a diagram to show the impact of a competitive inhibitor on the enzyme active site