Biology-Paper1-Organisation

Question 1

In order of increasing complexity, multicellular organisms are made of:

Answer 1

cells → tissues → organs → organ systems

Question 2

How does alveoli adapted to gaseous exchange?

Answer 2

• Small size - large surface area
• Large number - Large surface area
• One cell thick - minimise diffusion pathway

Question 3

What is lipid estered to?

Answer 3

• Glycerol
• Fatty acid 1
• Fatty acid 2
• Fatty acid 3

Question 4

What is the food test for protein?

Answer 4

• Biuret
• +ve - purple

Question 5

What is the food test for suger?

Answer 5

• Benedict’s
• Water bath 70°C for 5 minutes
• +ve - Brick red

Question 6

What is the food test for starch?

Answer 6

• Iodine
• +ve - Blue-black

Question 7

What is the food test for lipid?

Answer 7

• Ethonal
• +ve - cloudy

Question 8

What is a cell?

Answer 8

The basic building block of all living organisms

Question 9

What is a tissue?

Answer 9

A group of cells working together to perform a shared function, and often with similar structure

Question 10

What is an organ?

Answer 10

A structure made up of groups of different tissues, working together to perform specific functions

Question 11

What is an organ system?

Answer 11

A group of organs with related functions, working together to perform certain functions within the body

Question 12

List the pathway of gaseous exchange

Answer 12

1. Nasal cavity
2. Trachea
3. Bronchus
4. Bronchiole
5. Alveoli
6. Capillaries

Question 13

How do human inhale?

Answer 13

1. Diaphragm contracts, pulling downwards
2. Intercourse muscles contract - the rib move upwards and outwards
3. Volume of thorax increases so pressure decrease and air is drawn into the lungs

Question 14

How do human exhale?

Answer 14

1. Diaphragm relaxes and moves up
2. Intercourse muscles relax - the rib move downwards and outwards
3. Volume of thorax decreases so pressure increase and air leaves the lungs

Question 15

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 15

• Mouth (Salivary amylase) - salivary gland
• Small intestine - Duodenum (Pancreatic amylase) - Pancreas
• Small intestine - Ileum - Wall of ileum

Question 16

What does digestive enzyme do?

Answer 16

Convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into bloodstream

Question 17

What is the name of enzyme that break down protein?

Answer 17

Protease

Question 18

What is the name of enzyme that break down lipid?

Answer 18

Lipase

Question 19

What is the name of enzyme that break down starch?

Answer 19

Amylase

Question 20

What is the name of enzyme that break down carbohydrate?

Answer 20

carbohydrase

Question 21

Explain Lock and Key theory

Answer 21

The shape of the enzyme’s binding site is complementary to the shape of the molecule it binds to, like a key fitting into a lock

Question 22

What are the factor for enzyme activities

Answer 22

• Temperature
• pH

Question 23

What is the key term when the active site of an enzyme in damaged?

Answer 23

Denatured

Question 24

What organ produce bile? What does it do? Where are they stored in?

Answer 24

• It is produced by liver
• It emulsifies lipids, breaking them up physically into tiny droplets.
• It is stored in gall bladder

Question 25

Sketch a heart diagram with annotation

Question 26

What is the fuction of valves in heart

Answer 26

Prevent backflow

Question 27

Where can you find the pacemaker?

Answer 27

Right atrium

Question 28

What is the three types of blood vessels?

Answer 28

• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries

Question 29

What are the differences between arteries and veins?

Answer 29

Arteries
* Always carry blood away from the heart
* Carry oxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary artery
* Carry blood under high pressure
* Have thick muscular and elastic walls to pump and accommodate blood
* A type of supporting tissue called connective tissue provides strength
* The channel in the blood vessel that carries blood - the lumen - is narrow

Veins
* Always carry blood to the heart
* Always carry deoxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary vein
* Carry blood under low or negative pressure
* Have thin walls - have less muscular tissue than arteries
* Have less connective tissue than arteries
* Have a wide lumen

Question 30

What are the four components in blood and what are hteir function?

Answer 30

• Plasma - Transporting carbon dioxide, digested food molecules, urea and hormones; distributing heat
• Red blood cells - carry oxygen
• White blood cells - part of immune system
• Platelets - Clotting

Question 31

What is the name of white blood cells that engulf pathogens?

Answer 31

Phagocytes

Question 32

How does a person get a heart attack?

Answer 32

The heart is a muscular pump. Like all muscles, it needs oxygen for aerobic respiration to contract. The coronary arteries supply blood, and therefore oxygen, to the heart muscle.

The coronary arteries may become blocked by a build-up of fatty material, caused by certain kinds of ‘bad’ cholesterol. As the fatty material increases, one or more coronary arteries narrow, and can become blocked.

If a blockage builds up, the amount of oxygen reaching the heart muscle is reduced. A person will develop chest pain, and if left untreated, a heart attack is the result. This can cause damage to, or death of the heart muscle. Part of the heart muscle, or the whole heart, will die.

Question 33

What is statins?

Answer 33

Drugs that lowers the cholesterol level in the blood. They do this by lowering its production in the liver.

Question 34

What is coronary arteries?

Answer 34

Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle.

Question 35

What is stents?

Answer 35

Coronary arteries that are blocked or have become narrow can be stretched open and a stent inserted to restore and maintain blood flow.