Biology Paper 1: Infectious Diseases

Question 1

What is the first stage of testing? And what is it?

Answer 1

.Preclinical testing
.tested on cells tissues and live animals to check for side effects

Question 2

What is the second stage of testing?and what is it?

Answer 2

.clinical testing
.low dosage carried out on healthy human volunteers to check the drug is safe and to find the optimal dose

Question 3

What is a placebo?

Answer 3

A fake drug

Question 4

What is a double-blind trial? And why is it done?

Answer 4

.Neither the patient nor doctor know which drug is real or a placebo
.to stop bias

Question 5

What is a communicable disease? And give an example.

Answer 5

.A disease that can be spread from person to person and are spread by bacteria or viruses
.measles

Question 6

What is a non communicable disease? And give an example.

Answer 6

.A disease that cannot be spread from person to person
.coronary heart disease

Question 7

What is health?

Answer 7

The state of physical and mental well-being

Question 8

What is a pathogen?

Answer 8

A microorganism that causes disease

Question 9

What are the 4 types of pathogens?

Answer 9

Bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists

Question 10

How do bacteria make us ill?

Answer 10

They reproduce inside our bodies very rapidly and produce toxins which damage our cells and tissues

Question 11

How do viruses make us feel ill?

Answer 11

Live and reproduce inside our cells and tissues then burst out of them causing cell damage

Question 12

How do pathogens spread?

Answer 12

.in the air
.water
.direct contact

Question 13

How do we prevent the spread of pathogens?

Answer 13

.washing hands
.providing clean drinking water
.reducing direct contact (eg using condoms
.self isolation
.vaccination