Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PPE Exams > Biology Paper 1 > Flashcards

Biology Paper 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are animal cells?

A

Animal cells have:
Nucleus- Contains genetic material
Cytoplasm- Where chemical reactions happen
Cell membrane- Controls what goes in and out
Mitochondria- Respiration transfers energy
Ribosomes- Where proteins are made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are plant cells?

A

Plant cells have:
Animal cells have:
Nucleus- Contains genetic material
Cytoplasm- Where chemical reactions happen
Cell membrane- Controls what goes in and out
Mitochondria- Respiration transfers energy
Ribosomes- Where proteins are made
PLUS
Cell wall- Supports and strengthens cell
Vacuole- Contains cell sap
Chloroplasts- Photosynthesis occurs, contains a green pigment called chlorophyll which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you calculate magnification?

A

Magnification= Image size/Real size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a light microscope?

A

Light microscopes use light and lenses to form an image of a specimen and magnify it. They let us see individual cells and large sub cellular structures such as nuclei.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an electron microscope?

A

Electron microscopes use electrons instead of light to form an image. They have a much higher magnification and resolution (sharper image).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you use a light microscope?

A
  1. Clip the slide onto the stage
  2. Select the low objective lens
  3. Use the coarse adjustment knob to move the stage up
  4. Look down the eyepiece
  5. Adjust the focus using the fine adjustment knob
  6. Switch to the high-powered objective lens for greater magnification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is differentiation?

A

The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are examples of differentiation?

A

Sperm cells have a long tail and streamlined head to help it swim and get the male DNA to the female DNA.
Nerve cells are long and have branched connections to connect to other cells.
Muscle cells are long for space to contract.
Root hair cells grow long hairs which give the plant a large surface area for absorbing water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens in the cell cycle? (Mitosis)

A

In the first stage, the DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome. It also grows and copies its internal structures such as mitochondria and ribosomes.
In the second stage, mitosis takes place. One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell. The nucleus also divides.
In the final stage, the cytoplasm and the cell membrane divide to form two identical cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

Mitosis is essential for growth and development of multicellular organisms, it also takes place when an organism repairs itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

Stem cells can differentiate into any type of cell and are found in human embryos.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the pro’s and cons of stem cell research?

A

CONS:
- Human embryos are potential human life
- Killing innocent life

PROS:
Embryos used in research are unwanted which would have been destroyed.
Curing suffering patients is more important than the rights of embryos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration. Active transport is needed to transport nutrients from a low to a high area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the digestive enzymes?

A

Amylase breaks down starch and is made in the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

Protease converts proteins into amino acids and is made in stomach, pancreas and small intestine

Lipases convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids. It is made in the pancreas and small intestine.

17
Q

What is an artificial pacemaker?

A

It is used to control heartbeat if the natural pacemakers don’t work properly.

18
Q

What are the four components of blood?

A

Red blood cells, Carry oxygen
White blood cells, Fight infection
Platelets- Help blood to clot
Plasma- Carrie everything

19
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A

When the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart get blocked by layers of fatty material building up

20
Q

What is the difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases?

A

Communicable diseases spread from person to person e.g measles and malaria
Non communicable diseases cannot spread between people e.g asthma or cancer

21
Q

What is benign and malignant?

A

Benign is where the tumour grows until there is no more room.
Malignant is where the tumour grows and spreads to neighbouring healthy tissues.

22
Q

How are plant tissues adapted?

A

Epidermal tissues are covered with a waxy cuticle to reduce water loss by evaporation.
Upper epidermis is transparent so light can pass through it to the palisade layer.
Palisade layer is at the top of the leaf so the chloroplasts can get the most light.

23
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Micro organisms that cause disease

24
Q

What is measles?

A

Measles is a viral disease spread by droplets from sneezes. It can cause red skin rash and a fever and can be prevented by vaccination.

25
Q

What is HIV?

A

HIV is a virus spread by sexual contact, it can cause flu-like symptoms and can be controlled with antiretroviral drugs

26
Q

What is TMV?

A

Tobacco Mosaic virus causes a mosaic pattern on plant leaves

27
Q

What is rose black spot?

A

A fungus that causes purple or black spots and means less photosynthesis can happen so the plant doesn’t grow well. It is treated using fungicides.

28
Q

How do vaccinations prevent disease?

A

Vaccines inject dead or inactive pathogens which carry antigens which cause your body to produce antibodies to attack them.

29
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + Water –> Glucose + Oxygen

30
Q

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

A

6C02 + 6H20 –> C6H1206 + 602

31
Q

What happens in the Pondweed practical?

A

It measures the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
1. Lamp is placed at specific distance from the pondweed
2. Pondweed is left to photosynthesise for a minute and oxygen bubbles are produced
3. Count how many bubbles are produced in a minute
4. Repeat but with different distances from the light source

32
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
OR
C6H1206 + 602 –> 6C02 + 6H20

33
Q

What is Anaerobic respiration?

A

glucose –> lactic acid

34
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

A

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide

PPE Exams (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions