biology paper 1 Flashcards
what muscles relax during expiration
- diaphragm
- external intercostal muscles
what muscles contract during expiration
- external intercostal muslces
vital capacity
max volume breathed in or out
why early eukaryotes were able to grow more quickly than cells with no mitochondria
had mitochondria so respiration so higher rate of production of ATP, which means more energy for reactions for more growth
adaptations of structure of mitochondrial membrane
- site for chemiosmosis for ATP production
- formation of proton gradient for ATP production
- outer membrane is highly permeable to allow movement of molecules
advantage of using confocal microscope to observe neurone
can view live samples/thick samples
TLC - what does more movement of substance mean when solvent is non-polar
- more movement means substance was more soluble in solvent so must be non-polar too
differential staining:
used to distinguish between organelles/types of cells/types of organisms
which types of microscope can produce 3D images
scanning electron microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope
how are hepatocytes adapted to carry out their function
thin so short diffusion distance
fenestrated so increased permeability
what is the name of the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis
NADP
what is the role of DCPIP in the hill reaction
- replaces NADP and gets reduces/gains an electron
importance of buffer solution when centrifuging (for experiment of photosynthesis)
optimum temperature for enzymes
why is it okay to not use sucrose solution in the hill reaction
sucrose causes damage to chloroplast, which is okay as it makes it easier for DCPIP to reach thylakoids
how do plants in terrariums continue to grow
respiration produces the CO2 needed for photosynthesis (atmopsheric gases not needed)
