biology mindmap feedback

Question 1

steps of the calvin cycle

Answer 1

• ribulose phosphate converted into glycerate 3 phosphate by CO2 fixation and rubisco
• glycerate 3 phosphate converted into triose phosphate using 2 ATP and 2 NADPH
• triose phosphate becomes a 5 carbon compound after losing 1 carbon
• 5 carbon compound is converted into ribulose phosphate using 1 ATP

Question 2

Ca2+ ions role in muscle contraction

Answer 2

• binds to troponin and causes change of shape
• activates ATPase to break down ATP

Question 3

properties of skeletal muscle

Answer 3

• multinucleated
• striated

Question 4

properties of cardiac muscle

Answer 4

• myogenic
• striated
• uninucleated

Question 5

properties of smooth muscle

Answer 5

• smooth/not striated
• mutlinuclei

Question 6

what body does to increase temperature

Answer 6

• shiver: more kinetic energy
• release thyroxine and adrenaline for increased metabolism

Question 7

what is detoxification

Answer 7

conversion of ethanol -> ethanal -> acetate

Question 8

what is an endotherm

Answer 8

organism that can internally control its temperature by homeostasis

Question 9

how does adrenaline increase glucose concentration in blood

Answer 9

• binds to cell membranes of liver/muscle cells and activates cyclic AMP inside the cell. this then activates enzymes to stimulate breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Question 10

how does increased glucose concentration cause insulin to be released

Answer 10

• increased glucose concentration means increased ATP from respiration therefore K+ ion channels close to inside becomes more negative therefore depolarisation occurs.

Question 11

how does ammonia get converted into urea in the liver

Answer 11

ammonia + CO2 –> urea + water

Question 12

describe glycolysis

Answer 12

• glucose is converted into hexose phopshate using 1 molecule of ATP
• hexose phosphate converted into hexose biphosphate using 1 molecule of ATP
• hexose biphosphate converted into triose phosphate
• triose phosphate converted into pyruvate, forming 4 ATP molecules and using 2 NAD molecules.

Question 13

what molecule is reduced for every CO2 produced in respiration

Answer 13

NAD –> NADH

Question 14

what are the total products used during the krebs’ cycle

Answer 14

• 3 NAD
• 1 FAD
• 1 ATP
• 2 CO2

Question 15

what is temporal summation

Answer 15

one action potential after the other from the same neurone (T for timing)

Question 16

what is spatial summation

Answer 16

lots of different neurones

Question 17

which neurone has a cell body

Answer 17

sensory neurone

Question 18

where are the xylem and phloem found in roots

Answer 18

X for xylem
gaps filled with phloem

Question 19

where are the xylem and phloem found in stem and leaves

Answer 19

phloem on the outside, xylem on the inside