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Billys Testing > Biology Of Trees > Flashcards

Biology Of Trees Flashcards

1
Q

Abscission zone is

A

Found at the base or the leaf stalk, or petiole.

Serves two functions:

1: enables leaf drop
2: protects the region of the stem from pathogen.

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2
Q

Epicormic

A

Then dormant buds elongate and produce shoots, these shoots are called epicormic.

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3
Q

Adventitious buds are

A

Are produced along the stems or roots where primary meristems are not normally found.

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4
Q

Node

A

A slightly enlarged portion of a twig with leaf buds arise

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5
Q

Inter-node

A

Is the area between the nodes

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6
Q

Apical

A

Buds located at the end of the shoot or called apical

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7
Q

Ring porous

A

Trees that form wide vessels early in the growing season and now are vessels later in the season I called ring porous.
Ulmus
Quercus
Fraxinus

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8
Q

Diffuse porous

A

Trees the produce vessels in uniform size throughout the growing season.
Acer
Plantanus
Populus

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9
Q

Xylem has dead and live tissues

They are called

A

Symplasm is live

Apoplasm dead

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10
Q

Xylem of gymnosperms (pines) is composed of

A

Tracheids
Fibers
Parenchyma

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11
Q

Tracheids do what

A

Tracheids conduct water and provide mechanical support our elongated dead cells with pointy ends and second walls

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12
Q

Parenchyma cells do what

A

Parenchyma cells are living cells interspersed among the other xylem cells parenchyma cells are located in the outer layers of the xylem store carbohydrates help defend against decay and have a structural function across the green

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13
Q

meristems

A

The division of existing cells within a Tree occurs and specialized zones called meristems

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14
Q

Differentiation

A

Following division during the meristematic process, cells undergo differentiation which changes the structure and permits them to assume a variety of specific functions.

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15
Q

Two types of Meristems

A

Primary. Which produce cells that result in elongation of shoots and roots. (

Secondary. Known as lateral meristems which produce cells that result in increases in diameter

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16
Q

Meristematic growth happening in the shoots and root tips is called:

A

Primary growth

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17
Q

Meristems on the stem and branches is called

A

Presence of secondary meristems growing within the stands branches and roots producing wood are called: secondary growth

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18
Q

Two types of secondary or lateral meristems.

A

1: Cambium (produces vascular system/ xylem and phloem)
2: cork cambium produces bark (periderm)

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19
Q

Xylem has four functions:

A

1: conduction of water and dissolved minerals
2: supports tue weight of the tree
3: stores carbohydrate reserves
4: Defence against the spread of disease and a K

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20
Q

When cutting through a tree you cut in order
1: bark
Then

A 
Bark 
Phloem
Cambium
Xylem
Sapwood/heartwood
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21
Q

Anthocyanin and carotenoids are:

A

Red or purple pigment in deciduous trees. Anthocyanin

Yellow oranges and reds. Carotenoids

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22
Q

Root and root tip anatomy

A 
Area where the roots join the main stem is called the root crown.
Zone of rapid taper.
Root hair
Region of differentiation
Region of elongation
Meristematic zone
Root cap
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23
Q

Amon-eye nut

A

A Specialize not used in keeping trees that has a large I for attaching a cable to a threaded rod

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24
Q

Angiosperm

A

A plant with seeds born with an Ovary consists of two large groups
Monocotyledons and dicotyledons.

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25
Q

Monocotyledons are

A

Grass

Palms

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26
Q

Dicotyledons are most

A

Most woody trees shrubs herbaceous plants

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27
Q

Antigibberellin

A

Plant growth regulator that inhibits the action of the plant hormone Gibberellin.

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28
Q

Auxin

A

Auxin is a plant growth regulator
Produced at the canopy shoot tips.
Important to root development.

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29
Q

Aumentation

A

The release of Beneficial organisms to suppress past insect or might populations

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30
Q

Biorational control product

A

Control product or pesticide formulate from naturally occurring plant extracts microbes microbial by products

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31
Q

A Disease or disorder regardless of the causal agent that kills young plant tissues is called

A

Blight

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32
Q

Tree cabling system that farms close to polygons is called a

A

Box cable system

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33
Q

Fungal wood rot characterized by the breakdown of cellulose is called

A

Brown rot

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34
Q

A metal knob to use to fix the ends of steel cable strands to terminate a cable installation is called a

A

Cable stop

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35
Q

Water held and capillary pores of the soil it’s called

A

Capillary water.

Much of this water can move in any direction is readily available to plant roots

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36
Q

Positively charged ions and soils are called

A

Cation.
How most abundant Catalans are calcium magnesium potassium sodium aluminum

ANION. Negative

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37
Q

And determining legal liability the test of Proximate cause and foreseeability of consequences is called a

A

Causation in fact

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38
Q

A chemical compound Keeps plant nutrients i.e. iron soluble and available for Plant absorption over broad range of pH is called

A

Chelate

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39
Q

So the particles of the typical brain size less than .004 mm it’s called

A

Clay

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40
Q

Knot used to secure a rope to an object is called a

A

Clove hitch

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41
Q

Specialize cell in the angiosperms phloem from the same parents cell as the closely associated, immediately adjacent to the sive tube members is called

A

Companion cell

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42
Q

Contact pesticide

A

Materials that cause Pest injury or death on contact

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43
Q

Conventional notch is

A

45° night with a horizontal bottom cut

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44
Q

Containerized

A

Field grown Plant placed in a container for a time and then sold as a potted plant

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45
Q

CTLA

A

Council tree and landscape appraisers

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46
Q

Cytokinin

A

Cytokinins are produced in the roots.

instrumental in shoot initiation and growth.

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47
Q

Excurrent and

Decurrent

A

Excurrent is pyramid in shape

Decurrent is rounded

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48
Q

The plant with two cotyledons in it’s embryo is called a

A

Dicotyledon

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49
Q

Method of tying a root ball of a ball and burlap tree for moving is colder

A

Drum lace

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50
Q

The method of non-rigid materials for supporting a Tree or cabling is called

A

Dynamic cabling system

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51
Q

Arising from. Latent advantageous bud is called what kind of growth

A

Epicormic growth

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52
Q

The loss of water by evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration by plants is called

A

Evapotranspiration

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53
Q

A group of plants within a species having distinct variations that occur sporadically and naturally it’s called

A

Forma

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54
Q

And landscape find a set of goals pertaining to the future needs and function of the site are called

A

Functional goals

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55
Q

Constructed in animate elements of a landscape such as walls pathways in seats made of wood stone or other materials are called

A

Hard scape

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56
Q

Cutting and shoot back to abide or cutting branches back to Bud’s stubs or lateral branch is not large enough to assume apical dominance is called

A

Heading cut or heading back cut

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57
Q

The construction consisting of a braided rope with no core is called

A

Hollow braid

58
Q

The sugary substance secreted by certain insects including aphids and some scaling plants when feeding on plants is called

A

Honey dew

59
Q

The study of properties distribution in the effects of water on the earth surface underground and in the atmosphere is called

A

Hydrology

60
Q

Group of plants in a landscape with similar water requirements or in a specific what

A

Hydrozone

61
Q

A device capsule or pellet insert it into the trees xylem system to treat or prevent diseases and disorders of pest problems is called an

A

Implant

62
Q

A device used to take course samples from trees to determine age or detect problems such as decays called an

A

Increment borer

63
Q

An atom or group of atoms With a positive or negative charge are called

A

Ions

64
Q

A green building rating system developed by the US Green building Council provide stands for in farming with sustainable construction and building management projects

A

Leed building

65
Q

Tip of the leaf blade is called

A

Leaf apex

66
Q

The point of attachment of a leaf petiole

A

Leaf axil

67
Q

Irregularly shaped periods of disease unplanned foliage is called

A

Leaf blotch

68
Q

Patches of disease Or other damage on plant foliage is called

A

Leaf spot

69
Q

Organic substance that impregnates certain cell walls to thicken and Strank’s in the cell and to reduce susceptibility to decay and pest damage is called

A

Lignin

70
Q

Essential element that is required by plants and relatively large quantities is called

A

Macro nutrient

71
Q

Relatively large space between soil particles that is usually airfield and allows for water movement And rate penetration is called a

A

Macropore

72
Q

Undifferentiated tissue in which active cell division takes place. Found in the root tips buds cambium cork cambium and latent buds

A

Meristem

73
Q

Closest distance a worker tool or equipment or treat part is permitted near overhead electrical conductors is called the

A

Minimum approach distance

74
Q

Scientific naming system for living organisms it’s called

A

Nomenclature

75
Q

Send all living cells essential and photosynthesis real transport energy storage and production of Protective compounds

A

parenchyma cells

76
Q

The outer layer of tissue of where the roots and stems consisting of court Kalium and the tissues produce but such is bark is called

A

Pariderm

77
Q

Naturally produced organic alcohol with acidic properties. One of several chemical defence compounds in trees is called

A

Phenol

78
Q

The relationship between climate and biological events such as flowering or leafing out of plants is called

A

Phenology

79
Q

The comprehensive program to manage the health structure in appearance of plants in the landscape is called

A

PHC or plant health care

80
Q

The legal term that describes an act or omission that can be attributed as cause of loss or injury is called

A

proximate cause

81
Q

The Browning and shovelling a full inch especially at the leaf margin is called

A

Scorch

82
Q

The eight types of lease margin

A 
Serrate
Serrulate
Dentate 
crenate
Double serrated
Lobed
Undulate
Entire
83
Q

designates an Advisory recommendation in the ANSI standards or contract documents

A

Should.

84
Q

The phenomenon of lightning strike leaving its current path and jumping to reach a better grounded conductors called

A

Side flash

85
Q

Specialized phloem cells involved in photosynthate transport. exist only in angiosperms are called

A

Sieve tube elements

86
Q

Particles with the grain size between .004 and .062 mm are more course then Clay is called

A

Silt

87
Q

Physical evidence of a causal agent is called

A

Sign example insect eggs borehole fraz

88
Q

Plant reaction to a disease or disorder i.e. wilting or die back is called

A

Symptom

89
Q

DEcay located in the sapwood. Bark or cambium may be damaged or dad signs of this classification of rot are usually numerous

A

Sapwood rot

90
Q

Mineral element required in moderate amounts by plants are called

A

Secondary nutrients

91
Q

Tequila plant tissues characterized by the breakdown of tissues within the cell walls is called

A

Soft rot

92
Q

So is relatively low levels or soluble salts and a concentration of sodium high enough to adversely affect sale structure is called

A

Sodic soil

Symptoms include waterlogging a Rosian saw surface crusting and poor plant growth

93
Q

How fun was that appears as a black coating on the surface of leaves fruit branches another surface often found growing on sugary honey do excreted by aphids this fungus is called

A

Sooty mould

94
Q

Degree of care that is reasonable person should exercise and formula duty of care is called the

A

Standard of care

95
Q

The layer of material below the surface

Materials used to provide plants apart regulate moisture provide mineral nutrients to container plants is called a

A

Substrate

96
Q

Organic substance produced by trees believed to be involved in the trees chemical defense process is called

A

Tannin

97
Q

The region line between the Tropics and the poles that has relatively moderate temperatures is called

A

Temperate regions

98
Q

What is an instrument used to measure soil moisture

A

Tensiometer

99
Q

And image created by sending waves through an object which produces images of cross sections of the object

A

Tomogram

100
Q

Elongated tampering xylem cell adapted for the support and transport of water elements is called a

A

Tracheid

101
Q

Defined area which certain activities are prohibited restricted to prevent or minimize potential injury to designated Trees is called a

A

Tree protection zone or TPZ

102
Q

iMessage to appraise the monetary value of trees considered too large to be replaced with Nursery stock or feel drawn stock based on developing a representative unit cost for replacement with the same or comparable species of the same size in the same place is called our

A

Trunk formula method

103
Q

Document that describes how urban Forest goals are to be accomplished within a defined time frame including,task, priority,best management practises standards specifications budget and staffing is called in

A

Urban forest management plan

104
Q

Flintridge and fertilizer in a form that is not readily soluble in water is called

A

WIN or water insoluble nitrogen

105
Q

And I prayed at the karmic shoot arising from the trunk or branches of a plant above the route or soil line is called a

A

Water sprout

106
Q

I’m going to K of wood in which both cellulose in Lincoln and are broken down is called

A

White rot

107
Q

The end of a rope used for rigging and climbing is called the

A

Working and

108
Q

The use of plant materials and practises that minimize landscaping water use and the term for environmentally friendly form of landscaping and Dry Clemence is called

A

XERISCAPING

109
Q

Approved means

A

Acceptable to state and provincial regulators also equipment, (pants and boots)

110
Q

Shall means what

A

Mandatory requirement

111
Q

Csa

A

Canadian standards association

112
Q

Humbolt

A

Or production felling notch. Undercut

113
Q

Ansi z133 is a set of

A

Standards for arboriculture

114
Q

Electrical conductor

A

Any overhead or underground electrical device. Including communications wires

115
Q

Indirect contact

A

Is made when any part of the body touches any conductive object

116
Q

Before starting work the supervisor must

A

Lay out a work plan

117
Q

Whats a split tail

A

A short length of rope used to make a friction hitch

118
Q

Standing part of a rope

A

The part thats not doing anything.

119
Q

Static cable system

A

A cabling system that utilizes ridged materials rods steel cable

120
Q

Threshold

A

In Integrated pest management pest population levels require action in hazard assessment risk assessment and risk management levels of risk required action

121
Q

Xylem is different in angiosperms and gymnosperms

Angiosperms have xylem cells

A

Tracheids
Fibers
Parenchyma cells
Vessels (primary water conductors)

122
Q

Xylem in gymnosperms

A

Tracheids
Fibers
Paranchyma

123
Q

Which has more parenchyma cels gymnosperms or angiosperms

A

Angiosperms

124
Q

Trachieds do what

A

Conduct water

125
Q

Parenchyma cells do what

A

Store carbohydrates defend against decay and provide structure across the grain

126
Q

Diffuse porus trees are what kind

A

Acer
Planetree
Populus

127
Q

Tropical trees dont have growth what?

A

Rings

128
Q

Components of the xylem
(Not gymnosperm)
Xylem transports minerals and water only

A

Tracheids
Parenchyma
Vessels
Fibers

129
Q

Phloem in angiosperms

And not gymnosperms Have companion what?——-

A

Cells

Gymnosperms dont have companion cells in the phlome

130
Q

Lag threaded rod (wood screw)

A

Most effective on small limbs and in hard wood

131
Q

Five types of hormones

A 
Auxin 
Cytokinins 
Gibberellin
Ethylene 
Abscisic acid
132
Q

What does cytokinin do

A

Produced at the root tips balances auxin and Signals growth or slows it.

133
Q

What does gibberellin do

A

Required for plants to germinate.

Promotes elongation of internodes.

134
Q

What does ethylene with cytokinin?

A

Works with cytokinins to cause the abscission of leaves, flowers and fruit

135
Q

Ethylene does what

A

Inhibits leaf production during germination

Ripens fruit

136
Q

Abscisic acid does what

A

Sends signals to the stomata to become flacid or less turgid and closes them
Signals dehydration,
Blocks auxin

137
Q

Negligence is the failures to exercise what?

A

Negligence is the failure to exercise due care.

138
Q

Three components of a risk assessment.

A

Potential tree failure
Load
Targets

139
Q

White rot primarily decays the ————- between the cell walls in the wood

A

Lignin

140
Q

Brown rot primarily decays the

A

Cellulose

Billys Testing (3 decks)

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