Arborist Certification Study Guide Questions Flashcards
Sites of rapid cell division in the shoot tips and cambium are called??
Meristems
Meristems located at the end of the shoots are called primary or what type of meristems?
Apical meristems
The tendency for terminal buds to inhibit the growth of lateral buds is called??
Apical dominance
The food factory of trees are the?
Leaves
The process of ___________ combines carbon dioxide and water in a reaction driven by light to produce sugars is called?
Photosynthesis.
What is the photosynthesis reaction create?
Sugar
The green colour if leaves is created by the presence of what?
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is necessary for the what to take place?
Photosynthesis.
What is it called when water vapor is lost from the leaves.
Transpiration
The opening and closing of what allows for gas exchange?
Stomata
Stomata allow for gas exchange, and transpiration is controlled by the
Guard cells.
Water and dissolved essential minerals are transported within the tree in the??
Xylem
What conducts carbohydrates
Phloem
What is the layer of meristematic cells located between the phloem and the xylem?
Cambium
What is formed when the trunk tissue grows around the branch tissues.
Branch collar
As the branch and trunk tissues expand against each other the branch union that is formed is called?
Branch bark ridge bark
What protects the branches and trunk of a tree from mechanical injury and desiccation.
Bark!
Four functions of the root system?
Absorption Conduction Anchorage Storage Hormone production
Water enters young roots or mycorrhizal roots in part by a process called??
Osmosis
Two orientation of growth responses to external stimulus are called
Geotropism
Phototropism
What does CODIT stand for
Compartmentalization of decay in trees
Trees with upright growth and a strong central leader are said to exhibit?
Excurrent
Trees that have a more rounded and broader form then tall are called?
Decurrent
Root and fungi form what?
Mycrorrhizae
Roots and fungi form a symbiotic relationship aiding in the uptake of water and minerals this is formation is called
Mycorrhizae
The process by which chemical energy, stored as sugar and starch is released is called what?
Respiration
Threes that lose their leaves in the autumn-are called
Decidous
Trees that keep their leaves for more then a year are called
Evergreen
Uses more energy than it produces
Sink
Mosty located on the upper 12 inches of soil
Absorbing roots
Whats the “stalk” od the leaf called
Petiole
What are cells that cross the phloem and xylem for radial transport called.
Ray
Small openings in stems for gas exchange are called
Lenticel
Plant growth regulator
Auxin
Between the nodes of a twig
Internode
Mature green leaves
Source
Green pigment
Chlorophyll
When cutting through a tree you cut through what layers
Bark
Phloem
Cambium
Xylem
If the terminal bid is removed in pruning
Growth may be stimulated in lateral.
The growth rings of many trees
Visible
Which layer of cells is responsible for outward growth and girth of a tree.
Cambium
Mycorrhizae are what
Are a symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots.
How long should the hinge be when felling a tree
80%
Plants that are specially adapted to dry conditions ate called
Xerophytes
What is it called when a rope dosent cross itself.
Bight
What is not a bacterial Heart rot Fire blight Crown call Bacterial leaf scorch
Heart rot is a fungus
Powdery mildew disease is most prevalent in what kind of climate warm and
Dry
If a tree has an especially large diameter how should the hinge be adjusted?
The hinge needs to be smaller
What determines the type of damage do e by and insect to a tree.
The mouth parts of inscects
What’s the optimal level of pore space in soil 25 50 75 100
50%
What type of knot would be recommended for binding two ropes With different diameters
Sheet bend
In small trees approximately how much vertical space Should there be between scaffold branches
Three feet
The annual growth of a tree is a result of cell dividio. Of the
Phloem
Bark
Xylem
Cambium
Cambium
In which of these pruning techniques does the arborist cut the branch back to relatively weak point.
Heading cut
Undercut
Reduction cut
Topping
Heading cut
Whens a double crotching useful
When ascending a second leader in a decurrent tree
What pruning technique does the arborist used to cut the branch back to a realatively week point.
Heading
Under
Reduction
Heading
What is not s component of a gymnosperm xylem.
Tracheids
Parenchyma cells
Fibers
Sieve tube elements
Sieve tube elements
A whoopie sling is another terms for a(an) Rope sling Webbing sling Adjustable eye to eye sling Two in one lanyard
Adjustable eye to eye sling
At which of the following soil PH levels would iron be most available.
8/7/6/5
Five
With respect to rope one cycle for a Rigging line is defined as a
One left one drop
In a rigging system Which of the following is usually the weakest component Polly block rigging line or carabiner
Rigging line
What is the first step in training a young tree
Remove dead and damaged branches
What is the name for a group within a species that has one trade in complete distinction to the other members of the species and naturally breeds to that trait
Forma sub species cultivator or a variety
Variety
The plant growth regulators that inhibit the work cell elongating hormones are called
Antigibberellins
Sieve tube elements
Photoysynthates
Macronutrients
Antigibberellins
What is the term for a curve in a rope between the standing and working hands
A bight
What is the goal of integrated pest management
To maintain a tolerable level of Pest damage
And which of the following Mac Caroni nutrients is a tree most likely to be deficient
Copper zinc nickel or boron
Zinc
What is the name for a large irregularly shaped area of dead tissue on a leaf
Die back leave Bloch scorch or gummosis
Leaf blotche
With respect to the pull of the cable in which direction should Hardwear be installed
Dosent matter
When should plants that bloom on word from previous season be pruned
After the blooms are shed
After the first frost in autumn
Just after they bloom
Just after they bloom
What type of fertilizer is recommended for newly planted trees
Slow release nitrogen fertilizer
Which protective baby used to correct the problems created by Topping Crown restoration crown thinning crown reduction crown cleaning
Crown restoration
Cytokinins are produced in the ________butt are crucial for growth in the_______
Roots and shoots
Cytokinins are produced in where
Roots
Cytokinins are crucial for the growth of what?
Shoots
What percentage of an ideal soil is made up of mineral solids
10
25
45
80
10%
Monocotyledons and cut dicotyledons or two classes of
Angiosperm or gymnosperm
Angiosperm
Three types of cable systems for multiple tree clusters
Box
Hub and spoke
Trianglar
When more then one cable is being attached to the same limb how much space do you leave between cables?
One equal distance to the diameter of the limb or 12 inches whichever is less.
(One cable one anchor)
(One cable per eye bolt)
Bracing rod installation
(Lag threaded and machine threaded)
Whats the distance for rod install if the crotch is not split?
One to two times the branch diameter above the crotch.
Multiple rod install off axis and 12” or diameter). Whichever is less
What is the recommended bend ratio for a pully part of a BLOCK system.
4:1 ratio
Braided rigging line
Whats the typical means if attaching common 7strand cable to Hardwear.
Eye splice
What is auxin
What is cytokinin
Auxin is a phytohormone responsible for growth.
Auxin produced in the shoots sends signals to the roots to grow.
Cytokinins produced in the root tips.
The auxin and cytokinin pathways promote timely root and shoot growth.
What is heliotropism
Movement towards the light
Paraheliotropism means
Movement away from light
