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Billys Testing > Arborist Certification Study Guide Questions > Flashcards

Arborist Certification Study Guide Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Sites of rapid cell division in the shoot tips and cambium are called??

A

Meristems

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2
Q

Meristems located at the end of the shoots are called primary or what type of meristems?

A

Apical meristems

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3
Q

The tendency for terminal buds to inhibit the growth of lateral buds is called??

A

Apical dominance

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4
Q

The food factory of trees are the?

A

Leaves

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5
Q

The process of ___________ combines carbon dioxide and water in a reaction driven by light to produce sugars is called?

A

Photosynthesis.

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6
Q

What is the photosynthesis reaction create?

A

Sugar

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7
Q

The green colour if leaves is created by the presence of what?

A

Chlorophyll

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8
Q

Chlorophyll is necessary for the what to take place?

A

Photosynthesis.

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9
Q

What is it called when water vapor is lost from the leaves.

A

Transpiration

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10
Q

The opening and closing of what allows for gas exchange?

A

Stomata

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11
Q

Stomata allow for gas exchange, and transpiration is controlled by the

A

Guard cells.

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12
Q

Water and dissolved essential minerals are transported within the tree in the??

A

Xylem

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13
Q

What conducts carbohydrates

A

Phloem

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14
Q

What is the layer of meristematic cells located between the phloem and the xylem?

A

Cambium

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15
Q

What is formed when the trunk tissue grows around the branch tissues.

A

Branch collar

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16
Q

As the branch and trunk tissues expand against each other the branch union that is formed is called?

A

Branch bark ridge bark

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17
Q

What protects the branches and trunk of a tree from mechanical injury and desiccation.

A

Bark!

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18
Q

Four functions of the root system?

A 
Absorption
Conduction
Anchorage
Storage
Hormone production
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19
Q

Water enters young roots or mycorrhizal roots in part by a process called??

A

Osmosis

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20
Q

Two orientation of growth responses to external stimulus are called

A

Geotropism

Phototropism

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21
Q

What does CODIT stand for

A

Compartmentalization of decay in trees

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22
Q

Trees with upright growth and a strong central leader are said to exhibit?

A

Excurrent

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23
Q

Trees that have a more rounded and broader form then tall are called?

A

Decurrent

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24
Q

Root and fungi form what?

A

Mycrorrhizae

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25
Q

Roots and fungi form a symbiotic relationship aiding in the uptake of water and minerals this is formation is called

A

Mycorrhizae

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26
Q

The process by which chemical energy, stored as sugar and starch is released is called what?

A

Respiration

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27
Q

Threes that lose their leaves in the autumn-are called

A

Decidous

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28
Q

Trees that keep their leaves for more then a year are called

A

Evergreen

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29
Q

Uses more energy than it produces

A

Sink

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30
Q

Mosty located on the upper 12 inches of soil

A

Absorbing roots

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31
Q

Whats the “stalk” od the leaf called

A

Petiole

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32
Q

What are cells that cross the phloem and xylem for radial transport called.

A

Ray

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33
Q

Small openings in stems for gas exchange are called

A

Lenticel

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34
Q

Plant growth regulator

A

Auxin

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35
Q

Between the nodes of a twig

A

Internode

36
Q

Mature green leaves

A

Source

37
Q

Green pigment

A

Chlorophyll

38
Q

When cutting through a tree you cut through what layers

A

Bark
Phloem
Cambium
Xylem

39
Q

If the terminal bid is removed in pruning

A

Growth may be stimulated in lateral.

40
Q

The growth rings of many trees

A

Visible

41
Q

Which layer of cells is responsible for outward growth and girth of a tree.

A

Cambium

42
Q

Mycorrhizae are what

A

Are a symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots.

43
Q

How long should the hinge be when felling a tree

A

80%

44
Q

Plants that are specially adapted to dry conditions ate called

A

Xerophytes

45
Q

What is it called when a rope dosent cross itself.

A

Bight

46
Q 
What is not a bacterial 
Heart rot
Fire blight
Crown call
Bacterial leaf scorch
A

Heart rot is a fungus

47
Q

Powdery mildew disease is most prevalent in what kind of climate warm and

A

Dry

48
Q

If a tree has an especially large diameter how should the hinge be adjusted?

A

The hinge needs to be smaller

49
Q

What determines the type of damage do e by and insect to a tree.

A

The mouth parts of inscects

50
Q 
What’s the optimal level of pore space in soil
25
50
75
100
A

50%

51
Q

What type of knot would be recommended for binding two ropes With different diameters

A

Sheet bend

52
Q

In small trees approximately how much vertical space Should there be between scaffold branches

A

Three feet

53
Q

The annual growth of a tree is a result of cell dividio. Of the

Phloem
Bark
Xylem
Cambium

A

Cambium

54
Q

In which of these pruning techniques does the arborist cut the branch back to relatively weak point.

Heading cut
Undercut
Reduction cut
Topping

A

Heading cut

55
Q

Whens a double crotching useful

A

When ascending a second leader in a decurrent tree

56
Q

What pruning technique does the arborist used to cut the branch back to a realatively week point.

Heading
Under
Reduction

A

Heading

57
Q

What is not s component of a gymnosperm xylem.

Tracheids
Parenchyma cells
Fibers
Sieve tube elements

A

Sieve tube elements

58
Q 
A whoopie sling is another terms for a(an)
Rope sling
Webbing sling
Adjustable eye to eye sling
Two in one lanyard
A

Adjustable eye to eye sling

59
Q

At which of the following soil PH levels would iron be most available.

8/7/6/5

A

Five

60
Q

With respect to rope one cycle for a Rigging line is defined as a

A

One left one drop

61
Q

In a rigging system Which of the following is usually the weakest component Polly block rigging line or carabiner

A

Rigging line

62
Q

What is the first step in training a young tree

A

Remove dead and damaged branches

63
Q

What is the name for a group within a species that has one trade in complete distinction to the other members of the species and naturally breeds to that trait

Forma sub species cultivator or a variety

A

Variety

64
Q

The plant growth regulators that inhibit the work cell elongating hormones are called

Antigibberellins
Sieve tube elements
Photoysynthates
Macronutrients

A

Antigibberellins

65
Q

What is the term for a curve in a rope between the standing and working hands

A

A bight

66
Q

What is the goal of integrated pest management

A

To maintain a tolerable level of Pest damage

67
Q

And which of the following Mac Caroni nutrients is a tree most likely to be deficient
Copper zinc nickel or boron

A

Zinc

68
Q

What is the name for a large irregularly shaped area of dead tissue on a leaf

Die back leave Bloch scorch or gummosis

A

Leaf blotche

69
Q

With respect to the pull of the cable in which direction should Hardwear be installed

A

Dosent matter

70
Q

When should plants that bloom on word from previous season be pruned
After the blooms are shed
After the first frost in autumn
Just after they bloom

A

Just after they bloom

71
Q

What type of fertilizer is recommended for newly planted trees

A

Slow release nitrogen fertilizer

72
Q 
Which protective baby used to correct the problems created by Topping
Crown restoration 
crown thinning
 crown reduction 
crown cleaning
A

Crown restoration

73
Q

Cytokinins are produced in the ________butt are crucial for growth in the_______

A

Roots and shoots

74
Q

Cytokinins are produced in where

A

Roots

75
Q

Cytokinins are crucial for the growth of what?

A

Shoots

76
Q

What percentage of an ideal soil is made up of mineral solids

10
25
45
80

A

10%

77
Q

Monocotyledons and cut dicotyledons or two classes of

Angiosperm or gymnosperm

A

Angiosperm

78
Q

Three types of cable systems for multiple tree clusters

A

Box
Hub and spoke
Trianglar

79
Q

When more then one cable is being attached to the same limb how much space do you leave between cables?

A

One equal distance to the diameter of the limb or 12 inches whichever is less.
(One cable one anchor)
(One cable per eye bolt)

80
Q

Bracing rod installation
(Lag threaded and machine threaded)
Whats the distance for rod install if the crotch is not split?

A

One to two times the branch diameter above the crotch.

Multiple rod install off axis and 12” or diameter). Whichever is less

81
Q

What is the recommended bend ratio for a pully part of a BLOCK system.

A

4:1 ratio

Braided rigging line

82
Q

Whats the typical means if attaching common 7strand cable to Hardwear.

A

Eye splice

83
Q

What is auxin

What is cytokinin

A

Auxin is a phytohormone responsible for growth.
Auxin produced in the shoots sends signals to the roots to grow.
Cytokinins produced in the root tips.

The auxin and cytokinin pathways promote timely root and shoot growth.

84
Q

What is heliotropism

A

Movement towards the light

85
Q

Paraheliotropism means

A

Movement away from light

Billys Testing (3 decks)

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