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Psych Test 1 > Biology Of Behavior > Flashcards

Biology Of Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

Alleles

A

Copy of genes - more on this?

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2
Q

Types of gene transmission.

A

Monogenetic: hereditary passing on of traits determined by a single gene, very rare

Polygenetic: when many genes interact to create a single characteristic (height skin color eye color)- more common than monogenetic

Multiple alleluia inheritance ; both present ex. Blood type

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3
Q

Chromosome

A

Coiled up strand of DNA

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4
Q

Genome

A

All genetic info in DNA

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5
Q

Genes

A

Small segments of DNA that contain information for producing proteins.

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6
Q

Mutation

A

Change in genetic sequence

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7
Q

Dominant alleles

A

Show effect even with just one allele for that trait in the pair

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8
Q

Recessive alleles

A

Show their effects only when both alleles are the same

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9
Q

Gene by environment interaction research

A

Method of studying heritability by comparing genetic markers. Allows researchers to access how genetic differences interact with environment or o produce certain behaviors in some but not in others

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10
Q

Genotype

A

Entire genetic makeup of an organism

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11
Q

Epigenetics

A

Study of changes in the way genes are turned on or off without a change in the sequence of DNA

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12
Q

Phenotype

A

An organisms observed characteristics

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13
Q

Two nervous systems

A

Central

PeripherL

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14
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

All other parts than the brain and the spine

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16
Q

Parts of the nervous system

A

Somatic and autonomic

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17
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Nerve cells of peripheral nervous system that transmit sensory info to the central nervous system and those that transmit information from the CNS to the skeletal muscles

18
Q

Synaptic Vesicles

A

Tiny sacs in the terminal buttons that contain neurotransmitters

19
Q

Glutamate

A

The brains major excitatory neurotransmitter

Important for learning,memory, neural processing,brain development

Facilitates growth and change in neurons and the migration of neurons to different sites of the brain (early brain development)

20
Q

Seratonin

A

Plays a role in dreaming and controlling emotions

21
Q

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

A

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter

Tells postsynaptic neurons not to fire

Slows CNS activity

22
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter that controls muscle movement and plays a role in mental processes such as learning, memory, attention, sleeping and dreaming

Slows ANS activity

23
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Responsible for human thought, planning, consciousness

1/10 to 1/5 of an inch thick

24
Q

Major regions of the brain from earliest to last (newest) development

A

Hind
Mid
Fore

25
Q

Folds that cover each of the large haves of the brain

A

Cerebrum

26
Q

MRI

A

Uses magnetic fields to produce finely detailed images of the structure (not the activity) of the brain

27
Q

Resting potential

A

Difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of the axon when the neuron is at rest

28
Q

Aphasia

A

Deficit in the ability to produce meaningful speech and comprehend language

29
Q

Neurons

A

Cells that form the nervous system

30
Q

Parts of a neuron

A 
Soma
Dendrites
Terminal buttons
Axon
Some have myelin sheaths
31
Q

Axon

A

Long projection that extends from a neurons soma and transmits electrical impulses toward the adjacent neuron

32
Q

Two parts of peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic-voluntary movements

Autonomic-involuntary movements

33
Q

Two parts of autonomic

A

Sympathetic- fight or flight or freeze

Parasympathetic-respond to sympathetic nervous system and calms us down

34
Q

Glial

A

The glue that holds the nervous system together

35
Q

Types of neurons

A

Motor: tell you to move (uses both somatic and autonomic) also mirror neurons (neurons fire when you’re watching something but you’re not doing the thing)

Sensory: helps you do all your senses

Interneurons: communicates with other neurons

36
Q

What kind of info do dendrites receive?

A

Chemical- moves across as electrical

37
Q

Twin studies

A

Needed to study genetically identical people who have different manifestations of genes.

38
Q

Epigenetics

A

Epigenetics

39
Q

Genes and stress

A

Stress or environment can turn on or off genetic tags … not changing genes but changes the activity and expression

40
Q

Polygenic transmission.

A

Traits coming by interaction of multiple genes

Psych Test 1 (4 decks)

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