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MIDTERMS 3 > BIOLOGY MT > Flashcards

BIOLOGY MT Flashcards

1
Q

solvent molecules pass through a membrane from less concentrated to more concentrated solution

A

OSMOSIS

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2
Q

ratio of solutes to water

A

OSMOLARITY

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3
Q

unit of osmolarity

A

MILLIOSMOLES/LIT

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4
Q

maintain constant condition

A

REGULATE

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5
Q

adjust according to surrounding

A

CONFORM

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6
Q

response to abiotic factors when it comes to temperature

A

THERMOREGULATOR
THERMOCONFORMER

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7
Q

response to abiotic factors when it comes to osmolarity

A

OSMOREGULATOR
OSMOCONFORMER

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8
Q

can regulate constant condition and maintain body temperature

A

THERMOREGULATOR

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9
Q

what temperature is being maintained

A

37 CELCIUS

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10
Q

adjusts temperature accoridng to environment temperature

A

THERMOCONFORM

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11
Q

can regulate constant osmolarity and maintain normal osmolarity

A

OSMOREGULATORS

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12
Q

osmolarity depends on environments

A

OSMOCONFORM

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13
Q

what is the passive diffusion of ions?

A

HIGH TO LOW

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14
Q

what is active transport of water ( when water is moving in )

A

LOW TO HIGH

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15
Q

excess water

A

HYPOTONIC URINE

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16
Q

absorption of ions is done by?

A

CHLORIDE CELLS

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17
Q

has backbone except hogfish

A

VERTEBRATES ( OSMOREGULATORS )

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18
Q

has no backbones except hogfish

A

INVERTEBRATES ( OSMOCONFORMERS )

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19
Q

freshwater fish , saltwater fish , humans

A

OSMOREGULATORS

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20
Q

match their body’s osmolarity to their environment

A

OSMOCONFORMERS

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21
Q

lobsters, starfish , some sharks

A

OSMOCONFORMERS

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22
Q

produces saliva where mechanical mastication of food takes place to form bolus

A

MOUTH

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23
Q

a muscular tube that conduct peristalsis and serves as passageway of food

A

ESOPHAGUS

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24
Q

produces bile that helps in the digestion of fats

A

LIVER

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25
Q

helps to digest fat

A

BILE

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26
Q

helps in the storage of extra bile and discharging from the cystic dust

A

GALL BLADDER

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27
Q

also produces enzymes , digestion of protein and starch

A

PANCREAS

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28
Q

tube that contains villi which absorbs nutrients and water coming from the food

A

SMALL INTESTINE

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29
Q

a tube that absorbs water and salts from the material

A

LARGE INTESTINE

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30
Q

determines what kind of feces

A

LARGE INTESTINE

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31
Q

an opening that eliminates feces inside the body

A

ANUS

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32
Q

what is the digestive process

A
  1. INGESTION
  2. DIGESTION
  3. ABSORPTION
  4. ELIMINATION
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33
Q

animals that live on the source of their food and eat through it

A

SUBSTRATE FEEDERS

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34
Q

give example of substrate feeder

A

CATERPILLAR

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35
Q

aquatic animals that strain the food particles from the water

A

FILTER FEEDERS

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36
Q

an example of filter feeders

A

WHALES

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37
Q

animals that suck fluid containing nutrients from another animals

A

FLUID FEEDERS

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38
Q

an example of fluid feeder

A

MOSQUITOS LEECHES

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39
Q

animals that break down and swallow large amount of food

A

BULK FEEDER

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40
Q

example of bulk feeder

A

HUMANS LIONS

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41
Q

what is the required nutrients of animal nutrition

A

CARBOHYDRATES
FATS
PROTEINS

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42
Q

what is the essential nutrients of animal nutrition

A

AMINO ACIDS
FATTY FATS
VITAMINS
MINERALS

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43
Q

building blocks of protein

A

AMINO ACIDS

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44
Q

polymer of fats

A

FATTY FATS

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45
Q

process by which light energy is converted chemical energy

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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46
Q

it absorbs and transports water and nutrients from the soil to the rest of the plant

A

ROOTS

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47
Q

part of plant where photosynthesis takes place

A

LEAVES

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48
Q

contains chlorophyll that traps sunlight

A

CHLOROPLAST

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49
Q

insect eating plants capture and digest their preys through pitfalls and traps n

A

TRAPPING MECHANISM

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50
Q

gives sweet odor to make their prey fall into the pitcher

A

PITCHER PLANT

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51
Q

closes down and traps their prey when touched

A

VENUS FLYTRAP

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52
Q

confuses their prey when they enter traps window in the leaf

A

COBRA LILY

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53
Q

collects rainwater to attract their prey

A

YELLOWM PITCHER PLANT

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54
Q

using its sticky substances found in their leaves

A

SUNDEW

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55
Q

nutrients are being used

A

NUTRITION

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56
Q

primary source of energy

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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57
Q

help to heal the damaged cells

A

PROTEINS

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58
Q

secondary source of energy

A

FATS

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59
Q

two modes of nutrition

A

AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION
HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION

60
Q

provide their own food

A

AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION

61
Q

undrergoes digestion

A

HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION

62
Q

mechanical and chemical process by which complex food substances are broken down into simpler substances

A

DIGESTION

63
Q

digestion while still pagnguya

A

MECHANICAL

64
Q

digestion once inside body

A

CHEMICAL

65
Q

red blood cells

A

ERYTHROCYTES

66
Q

Traps and feed on their prey inside their cup

A

MONKEY CUPS

67
Q

macronutrients of plant nutrition

A

NITROGEN
POTASSIUM
PHOSPHORUS
SULFUR
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM

68
Q

micronutrients of plant nutrition

A

IRON
BORON
ZINC
MANGANESE
CHLORINE
MOLYBDENUM
COPPER

69
Q

white blood cells

A

LEUKOCYCTES

70
Q

platelets form a clots and prevent bleeding

A

THROMBOCYTES

71
Q

transports water and nutrients from the different part of the plant

A

VASCULAR SYSTEM

72
Q

carries water and minerals upward

A

XYLEM

73
Q

moves water and nutrient through out diffferent parts of plant

A

PHLOEM

74
Q

circulation to lungs and heart

A

PULMONARY CIRCULATION

75
Q

circulation to different body parts

A

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

76
Q

the blood flows through cavities since there are no vessels to conduct the blood

A

OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

77
Q

the blood flow through the arteries and veins connected together by the capilarries

A

CLOSE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

78
Q

excrete wastes through diffusion

A

SIMPLE ORGANISM

79
Q

a muscle that is about the size of a fist

A

HEART

80
Q

pumps blood throughout the body

A

HEART

81
Q

a thick and elastic red colored muscular wall that carries blood away from the heart

A

ARTERY

82
Q

a thinner blue colored muscular walls that returns blood back to the heart

A

VEIN

83
Q

a tiny one cell thick vessek that connects the arteries and veins together

A

CAPILLARY

84
Q

carries blood and nutrients inside the tissues and organs

A

CAPILLARY

85
Q

gives response / command to a certain stimulus

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

86
Q

combines information from the entire body and coordinates activity across the whole organism

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ( CNS )

87
Q

consists of the nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord form the communication network between the cns and the body parts

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS ( PNS )

88
Q

what is CNS made up of?

A

BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

89
Q

parts of forebrain ( 2)

A

THALAMUS
HYPOTHALAMUS

90
Q

processes information and relays it to the cerebrum

A

THALAMUS

91
Q

homeostatic control of most organs

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

92
Q

controls the qualities of the mind personality intelligence learning perception and emotion

A

CEREBRUM

93
Q

functions as olfactory bulb and motor cortex

A

FRONTAL LOBE

94
Q

function as processing somatosensation and propriception

A

PARIETAL LOBE

95
Q

functions as vision

A

OCCIPITAL LOBE

96
Q

function as processing sounds and memory fucntion

A

TEMPORAL LOBE

97
Q

regulates breathing blood pressure and heart rate

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

98
Q

connects the forebrain with medulla oblongata

A

PONS

99
Q

controls posture and balance

A

CEREBELLUM

100
Q

tracts of nerve fibers that allow two way conduction of nerve impulses

A

SPINAL CORD

101
Q

bring information from the different parts of body to brain

A

AFFARENT

102
Q

bring information to the CNS to different parts of the body from the brain

A

EFFERENT

103
Q

a network of nerves spread across the body

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

104
Q

how many pair of nerves in PNS

A

43 PAIRS

105
Q

how many crainial nerves in PNS

A

12 CRANIAL NERVES

106
Q

how many spinal nerves in PNS

A

31 SPINAL NERVES

107
Q

receives signals in neurons

A

DENDRITES

108
Q

contains cell nucleus in nuerons

A

CELL BODY

109
Q

insulates the axon to help protect the neuron cell and speed up impulse conduction

A

MYELIN SHEATH

110
Q

conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body

A

AXON

111
Q

picks up change from mechanical stimuli

A

MECHANORECEPTORS

112
Q

senses changes from temperature changes

A

THERMORECEPTORS

113
Q

senses pain

A

NOCICERECEPTORS

114
Q

senses glucose/hormones chemical in body

A

CHEMORECEPTORS

115
Q

what does motor neutrons create?

A

MUSCLE CONTRACTION
MUSCLE INHIBITATION

116
Q

Receives information from sensory neurons; process and generate message to the motor neurons​

A

INTERNEURONS

117
Q

voluntary control of skeletal muscles​

A

SENSORY SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

118
Q

controls bodily functions without conscious control​

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

119
Q

what does autonomic nervous system controls? ( 3)

A

GLANDS
SMOOTH MUSCLES
CARDIAC MUSCLES

120
Q

”fight or flight” response​

A

SYMPATHETHIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

121
Q

rest and digest​

A

PARASYMPATHETHIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

122
Q

has no brains but has nerves yet no CNS and PNS

A

INVERTEBRATES NERVOUS SYSTEM

123
Q

presence of photoreceptors detect the quality and quanitty of light

A

PLANTS NERVOUS CONTROL

124
Q

plant grow toward or away from the sun

A

PHOTOTROPHISM

125
Q

directional growth in response to gravity

A

GRAVITROPISM

126
Q

directional response to touch

A

THIGMOTROPISM

127
Q

the electrical impulses plants cells were capable to generate

A

ACTION POTENTIALS

128
Q

means similar balance

A

HOMEOSTASIS

129
Q

first to define homeostasis

A

CLAUDE BERNARD

130
Q

when does claude bernard define homeostasis

A

1865

131
Q

condition in which a system such as the human body is maintained in a more or less steady state

A

HOMEOSTASIS

132
Q

middle or balance in homeostasis

A

SET POINT

133
Q

fast / fleeting , is electirc based and takes a lot of energy

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

134
Q

slow and sustained chemically based and energitically efficient

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

135
Q

4 COMPONENTS OF HOMEOSTASIS

A

STIMULUS
RECEPTOR
CONTROL CENTER
EFFECTOR

136
Q

change in environment

A

STIMULUS

137
Q

picks up changes and detects it

A

RECEPTOR

138
Q

decides possible solution

A

CONTROL CENTER

139
Q

the cells, muscles , glands that would do the possible solution

A

EFFECTOR

140
Q

if the effect is opposite of the stimuLus

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

141
Q

needed by muscle to contract

A

OXYTOCIN

142
Q

amplifies the effect of stimulus

A

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

143
Q

animals that do not have internal control of their body

A

ECTOTHERMS

144
Q

animals that maintain a constant body temperature in the face of environmental changes

A

ENDOTHERMS

145
Q

birds and mammals

A

ENDOTHERMS

146
Q

non birds and mammals

A

ECTOTHERMS

MIDTERMS 3 (4 decks)

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