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Biology Lab > Biology Lecture > Flashcards

Biology Lecture Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do protist eat

A

Some are autotrophs, some heterotrophs

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2
Q

Protist response to adverse conditions

A

Form cysts goes dormant create hardshell sinks to the bottom of the pond and wait for better conditions

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3
Q

Phylum amoebazoans

A

Rhizopoda=root foot
Have no flagella
Use pseudopod to move
Ex: Entamoeba histolytica causes diarrhea

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4
Q

Phylum foraminifera

A

Means little whole bearing

Amoeba in a shell white chalk like white cliffs of Dover England

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5
Q

Phylum Apicomplexa

A

Parasites of animals

Ex: plasmodium vivax causes malaria transmitted by mosquitoes

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6
Q

Malaria

A

Infects 3 million

kills 2 million

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7
Q

Walter Reed

A

Invented DDT
DDT he does not breakdown The environment
use stopped in the 1970s

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8
Q

Phylum Kinetoplastids

A

Zoomastiagophora
1-1000
Has flagella
Includes intestinal parasites of Fish and Amphibians

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9
Q

Trypansoma

A

Kinetoplastids that cause African sleeping sickness
Fatal if not treated
spread by tiesti fly

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10
Q

Chagas’ disease

A

Kinetoplastids that can cause damage to the heart

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11
Q

Phylum Dinoflagellates

A

Have two flagella
has a transverse groove
can be bioluminescent
causes red tide and paralytic shellfish poisoning

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12
Q

Phylum Ciliphora

A 
Ciliates that have cilia
Paramecium uses oral groove
Micro-sexual
Macro-asexual
Has binucleus
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13
Q

Phylum Bacillariophyta

A 
Diatoms 
Glass like walls 
used as filters and abrasives 
diatomaceous earth 
rough enough to polish but not rough enough to scratch
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14
Q

Phylum Algae

A

Chlorophyta
May be single celled organisms (green algae)
or multi celled or very simple multicellularity
Brown algae
red algae

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15
Q

Volvox

A

Have daughter cells

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16
Q

Spirogyra

A

Each cell has a spiraling chloroplast capable of sexual reproduction

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17
Q

Simple multicellularity

A

Multi celled Algaes

celles interact but on a simple levels

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18
Q

Complex multicellularity

A

Coordination between cells communication via hormones

cell specialization division of labor

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19
Q

Kingdom fungi

A

Includes mushrooms puffballs earth stars and yeast
4 million years old non-photosynthetic decomposers
saprophytic
cell walls are impregnated with Chitin not cellulose

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20
Q

Fungal anatomy

A

Hyphae cottony thread just below or right at surface of the fungal body
mycelium all the strands together
fruiting body
fungal spores

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21
Q

Phylum basidiomycota

A

Club fungi important in the breakdown of wood

includes mushrooms,toadstools,shelf fungi,and earthstars

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22
Q

Phylum ascomyota

A

Sac fungi 30,000 species yeast produces carbon dioxide makes bread rise
puts bubbles in beer
also includes morels and truffles

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23
Q

Dutch Elm disease

A

Fungal disease when hyphae come in contact with their roots and it kills them

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24
Q

Chestnut blight

A

Fungus that killed saplings of the chestnut trees

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25
Q

Phylum Zygomycota

A

Includes Rhizopus stolonifer mold on the bread and strawberries

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26
Q

Phylum deuteromycota

A

Imperfect fungi includes predatory fungi includes fungi used to flavor cheese (penicillium)penicillium produces penicillin

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27
Q

Penicillin was discovered

A

By Fleming and zone of inhibition where bacteria stays away from penicillin

28
Q

Aspergillus

A

Causes apergillosis, farmers lung

Looks like a big spiky ball

29
Q

Dermatophytes

A

Athletes foot
ringworm
toenail fungus
Jock itch

30
Q

Phylum lichen

A

A symbiotic relationship between a fungi and a photosynthetic partner not a plant single cell gets trapped in hyphae

31
Q

Micorhize

A

A symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a plant route helps plants take up copper zinc and phosphorus

32
Q

Plant pathogens

A

Wheat rust

Ergot on rye

33
Q

Ergot

A

Ergot produces LSD ergot will make pregnant women go into labor or cause them to miscarry
will cause muscle tremors
ergot poisoning could be connected to the Salem witch trials

34
Q

Kingdom Animilia

A 
Eukaryotic 
multicellular 
consumers 
nonphotosynthetic 
have no cell walls most have muscles but not all have a digestive system usually undergo complex changes during
35
Q

Asymmetrical

A

Cannot be divided in any plane and produce to mirror images

36
Q

Radial symmetry

A

Can divide in multiple spots and produce mirror images usually tend to live attached to something example coral sea enemies

37
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

One plane to divide and and with 2 halves

38
Q

Cephalization

A

Development of a head has sensory and feeding organs

39
Q

Phylum Porifera

A

Sponges simplest of the animals asymmetrical stationary
live attached to a substrate.
Porifera have no tissue organ,nervous system,gut,muscles,circulatory system,at a cellular level of organization

40
Q

How do sponges eat

A

Water is drawn in the ostia ran across choanosyle and out the Ostila used for support

41
Q

Phylum Cnidaria

A

Means nettle like
These organisms have stinging cells includes jellyfish sea enemies,coral ,hydra
first animals to develop tissues
radially symmetrical

42
Q

Polyp

A

Tentacles up
circular mouth in the middle
lives attached

43
Q

Medusa

A

Tentacles point down mouth on the underside meso glia jelly layer

44
Q

Stinging cells cnidocyte

A

Safety from firing is a chemical trigger they think it’s amino acid

45
Q

Box jelly

A

Extremely toxic found in Australian Shores causes extreme pain for weeks

46
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Means flatworms includes tapeworms planaria, Flukes
first to develop organs
first to be bilaterally symmetrical
First to develop a distinct head

47
Q

Free living flatworms

A

Ex: planaria
Some live in water some live on land locomote through cutaneous gas exchange
have the first of the eyes,nerve chords and have no circulatory

48
Q

Flukes

A

Parasitic blood/liver complex Life cycle often involve several host

49
Q

Tape worms

A

Parasitic live in digestive track of some animals
long ribbon like body with repeated segments
segments break off and are released when eggs mature simple structure

50
Q

Phylum Nematoda

A

Roundworms

have a mouth on one and anus on the other freshwater marine terrestrial parasitic 100 to 500,000 species

51
Q

River blindness

A

Spread by the blackfly larvae clouds the eye and causes blindness nematode

52
Q

Heart worms

A

Spread by the mosquito causes the heart to swell and clogs the chambers and valves dogs have persistent cough and are very lethargic

53
Q

Hookworm

A

Larvate can go through your barefoot

54
Q

Elephantitis

A

Nematode clogs lymph tissue causes massive swelling number one cause of lameness in some parts of Africa

55
Q

Tricinella spiralis

A

Encysted larvae
Skeletal muscle fiber
Eat under cooked infected pork

56
Q

Pin worm

A

Thread warm common infection in young children and teachers of the young lives in rectum causes itching

57
Q

Phylum mollusca

A

Means soft

includes snails,slugs,clams muscles,oysters,octopi and squid

58
Q

Functions of molluscs

A

Head\foot used to locomote and
nervous system visceral mass guts or organs
Radula tooth structure scrapes food into mouth is located at the junctureHead and visceral mass

59
Q

Gastropods

A

Includes the slugs and snails if a shell is present it is a single spiraling shell terrestrial molluscs radula used for feeding

60
Q

Bivalve

A

Clams oysters mussels to part hinged shell filter feeders radula lost

61
Q

Cephalopods

A

Octopi squid move with their head
shell internalized or lost completely
all are predators

62
Q

Octopi

A 
Bite From a blue ring octopi will kill you
Octopi scuttle over rocks 
head with grasping suckers 
image forming eyes
beak that bite chunks out of you
63
Q

Phylum Annelida

A

Segmented worms have organs,muscles and nervous system and is repeated in a series of segments along the body
Ex: earthworm leeches see mouse feather duster worm

64
Q

Segmented worms locomote

A

Hydrostatic skeleton

Cutaneous gas exchange

65
Q

Phylum Anthropoda

A

Largest phylum
Has an exoskeleton of chitin
First group with true legs

66
Q

Why are arthropod so successful

A

Specialize limbs
Exoskeleton of chiton
I compound eyes multiple eyes

67
Q

Kingdom protista reproduce

A

Asexually-binary fission
Produces clones
Can change to sexual reproduction if environment changes

Biology Lab (3 decks)

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