Biology (Lecture 01-02) Flashcards
What are covalent bonds? And what are the types?
Covalent Bonds are when two atoms share electrons to get a full shell. There are Polar and Nonpolar covalent bonds. Polar Covalent means there is an unequal share between electrons causing them to be S+ and S- and the one with an S+ to have a high electronegativity. Nonpolar is where the share between electrons is equal
What are Vander Waal Forces
Vander Waal interactions are any cluster of positive or negative charges interacting with each other. This is another weak bond because anything an be a vander waal bond
What are Hydrogen Bonds?
H bonding is a bond w an S+ charge that will interact with N, O, or F. Even though it’s a weak bond it’s important bc it’s the bond that holds together the DNA strands, the secondary structure of proteins in the alpha and beta pleated helix, is very important in Specific Hear, enables cohesion, etc.
Order ionic, hydrogen, covalent, and van der waal bonds from strongest to weakest. 1 is strongest and 4 is weakest
1- covalent, 2-ionic, 3- hydrogen, 4-Van Der Waal
What are elements with full valences called? Elements on the cusp of a full valence are what and why?
Noble gases have full 8 or 2 valences and elements are highly reactive when they are on the cusp of a full valence shell because they want to have full shells no matter what
What is the Scientific Process? And the structure of this process?
The scientific process is to know how living things work. The structure is Observation, Hypothesis Experiment, Result, and Scientific Theory.
In the E you need a control & experiment plus repeat E. In the R need to determine if evi support or is inconsistent w H and revise H if required.
What is Electrongetivity?
Electronegativity is the measure of the ability to attract electrons to the nucleus, so a positive charge must be available.
What is an Ionic Bond and its charges?
An ionic bond is the transfer of a valence electron. It is either gained or lost. When an element loses an electron there are more protons than electrons making it a pos charge called a cation (+1). If an element gains an electron there are more electrons than protons making a neg charge called an anion (-1).
What increases as you move rightwards in the periodic table? And what increases as you move downwards in the periodic table ?
The # of protons and electrons is increasing which increases the electronegativity as you move rightward and the number of valence shells increases as you move downwards.
What can electrons do? Why?
Electrons can jump from one shell to another valence shell i.e 2nd to 3rd. this is because if some type of energy hits it, this will increase the kinetic energy. Eventually, though it would jump back down to its original shell.
What is the formula to find Atomic Mass units? And what does it represent?
of protons + # of Neutrons * 1. It represents the mass of an element
What is the definition of biology? What is the study of biology of the earth called?
Biology is the definition of life & living organisms. And the study of bio is called the biosphere.
