Biology Ka3 Flashcards
What is aerobic respiration controlled by?
Enzymes
What provides u with the glucose and oxygen you need for respiration?
Digestive system, lungs and circulation
What happens during aerobic respiration?
The sugar glucose reacts with oxygen and this transfers energy that your cells can use
What is aerobic respiration?
An energy making process requiring oxygen to provide vital energy for everything that goes on in the body
Why is each living cell supplied with glucose and oxygen?
In order to generate energy
How is aerobic respiration an exothermic reaction?
During aerobic respiration a fuel reacts with oxygen to release energy
How do enzymes benefit help us while respiration?
They mean we don’t need such high activation energy and we can control the energy release so it is more gradual
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + energy + water
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ –> CO₂ + H₂O
Where does respiration take place?
The mitochondria
Where are the enzymes made?
The ribosomes
What happens in the cytoplasm?
Location of reactions in anaerobic respiration
What happens in the nucleus?
Holds genetic code
Why do living cells need energy?
To carry out the basic functions of life and movement
Why do mammals and birds maintain a constant body temperature regardless of their surroundings?
To allow enzymes in the body to work efficiently
How do mammals and birds use temperature?
They use energy on cold days to keep warm and hot days to keep cool
What does active transport of substances in and out of cells require?
Energy from respiration
What can we do to investigate respiration instead of depriving something of oxygen?
Looking at carbon dioxide levels and rise in temperature as some of the energy produced in respiration is given off as heat
What happens to the muscles during exercise?
They use a lot of energy in movement and supporting your body against gravity
What is muscles tissue made up of?
Protein fibres which contract to cause movement when energy is transferred from respiration and relax to allow other muscles to work
Why do muscles use energy transferred by respiration?
To contract
What do muscle cells contain?
Many mitochondria to carry out respiration and transfer the energy needed
At rest:
Low energy demand –> low demand for glucose and oxygen-> blood flow at steady rate –> the breathing rate low
What are the benefits of aerobic respiration when exercising?
The body has plenty of time to inhale the oxygen that it needs. Also has time to completely digest the food to release the glucose. Blood can efficiently transport these substances to the cells without increasing its rate of flow
What happens to your heart rate during exercise?
Your heart rate increases and the arteries supplying blood to the muscles dilate. This increases blood flow to the exercising muscles and increases the supply of glucose and oxygen for the increased cellular respiration rate needed while speeding up the removal of CO₂
What happens to your breathing rate during exercise?
It increases and you breath more deeply which means you bring in more air into the lungs more often. This means the red blood cells pick up more oxygen at a higher rate and carry it to the working muscles
What is stored in the muscles during exercise?
Glycogen are converted back to glucose to fuel increased cellular respiration
Why do your heart and breathing rate increase during exercise?
To supply the muscles with glucose and oxygen and remove the extra CO₂ produced
Why does cellular respiration increased during exercise?
To supply the muscle cells with the increased levels of energy needed for contraction during exercise
