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Biology > Biology Ka1 > Flashcards

Biology Ka1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What causes an infectious disease?

A

A microorganism entering and attacking the body

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2
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Microorganisms that cause disease and can be: bacteria, viruses, Protists or fungi

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3
Q

How long does it take for a bacteria cell to divide?

A

20 minutes

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4
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

Image size = actual size x magnification

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5
Q

How does a bacteria make someone ill?

A

They release toxins into their host

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6
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A

In other cells

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7
Q

How does a virus infect someone?

A

It attaches to a cell, injects DNA into it, replicates using host and new DNA is released

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8
Q

What happens to your body when a pathogen enters?

A

It reproduces rapidly, bacteria makes harmful toxins, viruses begin to damage cells, symptoms occur

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9
Q

How can diseases be spread?

A
  • air (droplet infection)
  • direct contact : wounds, touching , animal bite, vector organism
  • sexually transmitted
  • water and food
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10
Q

What are some ways to stop the spread of infection?

A
  • clean water supplies
  • sewage treatment
  • hand washing
  • personal hygiene
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11
Q

What conditions do microbes need to grow?

A
  • oxygen
  • food
  • warmth
  • moisture
  • correct pH
  • correct salt concentration
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12
Q

What are some examples of viral diseases?

A

AIDs, measles

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13
Q

What are some examples of bacterial diseases?

A

salmonella, cholera

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14
Q

What are some examples of fungal diseases?

A

Rose black spot

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15
Q

What are some examples of protist diseases?

A

Malaria

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16
Q

How does the skin help when fighting an infectious disease?

A

It acts as a barrier, produces antiseptic oils

17
Q

How do scabs help fight diseases?

A

Clots form to seal wounds so bacteria doesn’t get in

18
Q

How does the breathing system help when fighting diseases?

A

Mucus traps pathogens and cilia help remove it

19
Q

How does stomach acid help fight against disease?

A

Helps to destroy the pathogens

20
Q

How do enzymes help fight disease?

A

Special enzymes in urine, tears and saliva kill bacteria

21
Q

How do white blood cells help in the fight against disease?

A

They produce antibodies which destroy certain bacteria

22
Q

What are antitoxins and where do they come from?

A

White blood cells produce them to neutralise toxins made by bacteria

23
Q

How does the immune system work to provide immunity?

A

White blood cells react to a pathogen, they will ingest the pathogen and produce antitoxins. If this works fast enough, the pathogens will be killed, the next time u get the pathogen your white blood cells will already be ready to attack. If not the pathogens overwhelm the body and you will become sick or die.

24
Q

What are the types of vaccine?

A
  • live altered pathogens
  • dead pathogens
  • active immunity
  • passive immunity
25
Q

What is active immunity?

A

White blood cells which produce a specific antibody have been produced to provide a permanent immunity

26
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Antibodies are directly given, they only provide temporary immunity

27
Q

Why did so many children catch measles in 2001 and not adults?

A

Because most of the adults were already immune to the disease because of past infection, and they didn’t catch it a second time because there were already enough white blood cells ready to attack the pathogen

28
Q

What is the difference between antibodies and antitoxins?

A

Antibodies destroy pathogens, antitoxins neutralise toxins produced by pathogens

29
Q

How does the flu vaccine work?

A

It stimulates your body’s immune system to make antibodies to attack the microbes. The antibodies are proteins that recognise and fight the pathogens

30
Q

What happens if u catch the flu after you’ve had the vaccine?

A

Your white blood cells recognise the virus and immediately produce antibodies to fight it

31
Q

What type of immunity is the flu

A

Active immunity

32
Q

How is a flu vaccine made?

A

Antigens are separated from a microbe

Biology (5 decks)

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