Biology: Inspiration and Expiration Flashcards
Outline the process of inspiration
-diaphragm contracts -external intercostal contract, internal relax -rib cage up and outwards
-volume increase, pressure decrease in thoracic cavity -air moves down pressure gradient
Outline the mechanism of expiration
-diaphragm relaxes -external relax, internal contract -rib cage moves in and downwards
-volume decrease, pressure increase in thoracic cavity -air out down pressure gradient
What type of process is inspiration?
active, requires energy
What type of process is expiration?
passive, doesn’t require energy
What is ventilation rate?
how many breaths per minute
What is tidal volume?
volume of air in each breath
What is residual volume?
certain volume remaining in lungs so they don’t deflate
What is forced expiratory volume (FEV1) ?
maximum volume of air breathed out in one minute
What is forced vital capacity?
maximum volume of air forcefully breathed out of lungs
What do we use to measure lung function?
spirometer
What do all lung diseases do?
reduce rate of gas exchange in alveoli
What are the two categories for lung disease?
-restrictive -obstructive
What are the effects of tuberculosis on lung function?
tidal volume decrease
ventilation rate increase
How does pulmonary fibrosis effect lung function?
tidal volume decreased
ventilation rate increased
How does asthma effect lung function?
forced expiratory volume significantly reduced
