BIOLOGY-Inheritance Flashcards
Define Chromosomes?
A thread-like structure of DNA carrying genetic information in the form of genes
Define Genes?
A length of DNA coding for a protein
Define inheritance?
The genetic transmission from generation to generation.
Define Haploid Nucleus?
A Nucleus containing a single set of chromosomes (e.g egg or sperm)
Define Diploid Nucleus?
A Nucleus containing the two sets of chromosomes
e.g in body cells
Define Mitosis
Nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells
Define Meiosis
Reduction Division in which the chromosomes number is halved from diploid to haploid, resulting in genetically different cells.
Define Homozygous Chromosome
Having two identical alleles of a particular gene
Define Hetrozygous Chromosomes
Having Two different alleles of a Particular Gene
Define Allele
Any two or more alternative forms of a gene
Define Genotype
The genetic Makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles present
Define Phenotype
The features of an organism
What are Homologous Chromosomes
A pair of Chromosomes that carry the same genes in
the same positions
What is Codominance
Sometimes, neither of a pair of alleles is completely dominant or recessive. Instead of one of them completely hiding the effect of the other in a heterozygous, they both have an effect on the phenotype.
What is the Difference between Dominant and Recessive?
Dominant: An allele that is expressed if present
Recessive: an allele that is expressed if the Dominant is not present.
