Biology - Immunology

Question 1

Immunity

Answer 1

The capacity to recognise the intrusion of material foreign to the body and to mobilise cells and cell products to remove foreign material with speed and effectiveness

Question 2

Pathogen

Answer 2

A disease-causing micro-organism

Question 3

Reservoir

Answer 3

The place where the pathogen is usually found

Question 4

Endemic

Answer 4

Is disease which is always present at low levels

Question 5

Epidemic

Answer 5

When the number of cases of a disease increase significantly

Question 6

Vectors

Answer 6

Organisms which carry pathogens between other organisms

Question 7

Infectious disease

Answer 7

A disease which can be passed between hosts

Question 8

Natural barriers examples

Answer 8

Skin - effective barrier due to its thin continuous keratinised layer

Mucous lining

Blood clotting

Lysozyme in eyes breaks down bacterial wall cells

Question 9

Antigen

Answer 9

Any substance that when introduced into the blood or tissue induces the production of antibodies

Most cells possess antigens in their surface membrane which acts as markers - cells can recognise each other

The body usually only makes antibodies in response to foreign antigens

Question 10

Antibodies

Answer 10

Proteins produced by lymphocytes in the presence of a specific usually foreign antigen

Antibodies can join with the specific foreign antigen to destroy, neutralise or inhibit it