biology glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

define nucleotide

A

the basic building block of nuclei acid

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2
Q

define DNA

A

deoxyribonucleiec acid

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3
Q

define chromosone

A

a threadlike structure made of protien and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the gentic information from one cell to another cell

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4
Q

autosomal chromosone

A

chromosone that are not sex chromosones

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5
Q

sex chromosome

A

a type of chromosome involved in determining the sex

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6
Q

allele

A

variations of a gene

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7
Q

define gene

A

the basic unit of inheritance

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8
Q

define trait

A

specific characteristics of an individual determined by a gene

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9
Q

define dominant trait

A

a trait that will appear in the offspring if one parent cell has it

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10
Q

define recessive trait

A

a trait that is masked by a dominant trait and will only appear in offspring if both parent cells have it

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11
Q

define homozygous

A

individuals carrying two identical alleles

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12
Q

define hetrozygous

A

individuals carrying two deifferent alleles

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13
Q

define genotype

A

the genetic makeup of an organism

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14
Q

define phenotype

A

an individuals observable traits

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15
Q

define pedigree

A

the gentic background of an organism

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16
Q

define species

A

a group of organisms that can reproduce

17
Q

define variations

A

gentic differneces between any organsisms and species

18
Q

define mutations

A

the change in DNA sequance of an organism

19
Q

natural selection

A

where some living things survive better in their environment than others

20
Q

define eveolution

A

the change in heritable characteristics

21
Q

define selection pressure

A

external elements that effect an orgamisms ability to surive in their environemnt

22
Q

define mitosis

A

the process of single cell dividing into two identical cells

23
Q

define miosis

A

the process of a single parent cell seperates into four daughter cells with half of the gentic information of the parent cells