Biology Final Exam

Question 1

Photosynthesis word equation

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

Question 2

Limiting factors of photosynthesis

Answer 2

Less light

Shortage of a raw material

Question 3

Where can we find chlorophyll and what it’s job?

Answer 3

Chlorophyll is found inside chloroplasts

Chlorophyll captures the energy transferred by light

Question 4

Aerobic Respiration word equation

Answer 4

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

Question 5

How often does respiration happen?

Answer 5

Respiration happens ALL the time

Question 6

What happens to the oxygen left out at the end of the day that is not used for photosynthesis?

Answer 6

The oxygen that is left out is given off (thrown away)

Question 7

In what form is glucose carried to all parts of a plant?

Answer 7

Glucose is carried in form of sugars dissolved in water

Question 8

What do the Phloem vessels carry?

Answer 8

They carry the sugar solution

Question 9

Where do plants get oxygen from?

Answer 9

The soil

Question 10

What happens if the soil becomes flooded?

Answer 10

The roots don’t get enough oxygen so the plant dies

Question 11

What do roots do?

Answer 11

The roots hold the plants in place and absorb water

Question 12

What happens to Venus flytraps when an insect touches it’s hairs more than once?

Answer 12

It sends a signal to the cells in “hinge”. When this happen the cells change shape and the trap shut

Question 13

Water is needed for many reasons, such as:

Answer 13

Photosynthesis
Keaping leaves cool
Filing up cells to keep them expanded and firm

Question 14

How do leaves adapt to get light?

Answer 14

They have a large surface area for trapping light.

Question 15

Why do 𝐄𝐩𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐬 produce a waxy layer and what is the waxy layer called?

Answer 15

They produce a waxy layer to stop the leaves from losing too much water.
The waxy layer is called (cuticle)

Question 16

What is Stomata?

Answer 16

Stomata are small holes in a leaf

Question 17

How do gases enter and leave the leaf?

Answer 17

By diffusion through open stomata

Question 18

What is gas exchange?

Answer 18

The swapping of different gases

Question 19

What are lipids?

Answer 19

Lipids is a group of insoluble substances that include fats and oils

Question 20

Why do cuticles of a plant contain lipids?

Answer 20

To make it waterproof

Question 21

What is broken down into small sugar molecules and transported to phloem vessels?

Answer 21

A polymer called starch

Question 22

What are proteins?

Answer 22

Proteins are long chains of molecules called amino acids

Question 23

To make amino acids a plants needs a good suply of …

Answer 23

mineral salts called nitrates

Question 24

Are all enzymes proteins?

Answer 24

YES

Question 25

What do seeds contain?

Answer 25

a store of all the resources that a new seedling will need to grow

Question 26

What mineral salts do fertilizers contain?

Answer 26

Potassium Phosphates Nitrates

Question 27

What is Decomposers and it's function?

Answer 27

Are microorganisms that break down manure and release the mineral salts

Question 28

What are the different Pesticides and what does the word "pesticide" mean?

Answer 28

Insecticides, Fungicides, Herbicides. | Pestacides kill pests (organisms that damage crops).

Question 29

What is a variety?

Answer 29

A variety is a group of plants that have been bred to have certain characteristics

Question 30

What is a way of creating a new variety? (explain what the answer is)

Answer 30

Cross-breeding- means when different varieties are bred with each other to produce an offspring that hopefully has the characteristics of both breds.

Question 31

What are the test of CO2?

Answer 31

Lime water - cloudy | Hydrogen carbonate - yellow

Question 32

How is inherited variation caused?

Answer 32

Offspring get a mixture of characteristics from their parents. Examples: eye colour, blood group...

Question 33

What is DNA and acronym for?

Answer 33

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 34

What is stored in the genetic information?

Answer 34

The instructions for inherited characteristics

Question 35

What are examples of continuous variation?

Answer 35

Height, Skin colour - can be affected by enviromental factors - usually give a "bell shape" when plotted in a bar chart. This is known as Normal Distribution

Question 36

What are examples of discontinuous variation?

Answer 36

Blood group, dimpled chin, ability to roll your tongue

Question 37

What is continuous variation?

Answer 37

Variation that can have any value between two points is continuous variation

Question 38

What is discontinuous variation?

Answer 38

Variation that can only have a value from a limited set of possible values is discontinuous variation

Question 39

What are enviromental factors?

Answer 39

In all environments there are environmental factors that can change the organism

Question 40

What is variation?

Answer 40

The differences between the characteristics of organisms are known as variation

Question 41

What is environmental variation?

Answer 41

- Environmental variation is caused by an organism's environment - An organism's surroundings are its environment - The features of an organism are its characteristics

Question 42

How do we use statistics and probability?

Answer 42

- Statistics is collecting, analysing and presenting data | - Probability is the chance of something happening

Question 43

Examples of using statistics?

Answer 43

- Collecting data - Presenting findings - Drawing conclusions - Making predictions

Question 44

How are probabilities shown?

Answer 44

- Percentages - Decimals - Fractions

Question 45

Aswell as physical characteristics, what else can you inherit from your parents?

Answer 45

Some diseases and conditions are caused by the genetic information in our cells

Question 46

What are chromosomes?

Answer 46

- DNA is found in tall structures called chromosomes in the nucleus of cells - Each chromosome contains one enormously long DNA molecule - Located at a specific locus on the chromosome

Question 47

What is DNA?

Answer 47

- DNA stores genetic info., which controls inherited characteristics - Genetic info. is not stored in all parts of DNA molecules but only sections called genes

Question 48

What do genes control?

Answer 48

- A few characteristics (such as blood group) as controlled by one gene - Most characteristics are controlled by many genes

Question 49

Why is preserving biodiversity important?

Answer 49

- We lose opportunity to make use of species that become extinct - Extinction can also upset ecosystems and change food webs - We need to preserve the biodiversity on Earth

Question 50

How many pairs of chromosomes do your cells contain?

Answer 50

Most of your cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 in total) - Girls have 2 X sex chromosomes, which are the same size - Boys have 1 X and one much smaller Y sex chromosome

Question 51

What do gametes contain?

Answer 51

- Gamestes only contain 23 chromosomes | - When 2 gametes fuse, the resulting zygote has 46 chromosomes

Question 52

How can genetic info. cause extinction?

Answer 52

- The adaptation of an organism are due to its genes - Changes in an ecosystem can affect species and area because they may no longer be so well adapted to the new conditions

Question 53

What are the causes of extinction? (for animals)

Answer 53

-Organisms can become endangered or even extinct Examples: - Changes in physical environmental factors - Competition from other organism disease - Human activities (hunting, clearing habitats...)