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Cycle tests and Final exams > Biology Final Exam > Flashcards

Biology Final Exam Flashcards

9B

1
Q

Photosynthesis word equation

A

Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

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2
Q

Limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

Less light

Shortage of a raw material

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3
Q

Where can we find chlorophyll and what it’s job?

A

Chlorophyll is found inside chloroplasts

Chlorophyll captures the energy transferred by light

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4
Q

Aerobic Respiration word equation

A

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

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5
Q

How often does respiration happen?

A

Respiration happens ALL the time

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6
Q

What happens to the oxygen left out at the end of the day that is not used for photosynthesis?

A

The oxygen that is left out is given off (thrown away)

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7
Q

In what form is glucose carried to all parts of a plant?

A

Glucose is carried in form of sugars dissolved in water

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8
Q

What do the Phloem vessels carry?

A

They carry the sugar solution

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9
Q

Where do plants get oxygen from?

A

The soil

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10
Q

What happens if the soil becomes flooded?

A

The roots don’t get enough oxygen so the plant dies

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11
Q

What do roots do?

A

The roots hold the plants in place and absorb water

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12
Q

What happens to Venus flytraps when an insect touches it’s hairs more than once?

A

It sends a signal to the cells in “hinge”. When this happen the cells change shape and the trap shut

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13
Q

Water is needed for many reasons, such as:

A

Photosynthesis
Keaping leaves cool
Filing up cells to keep them expanded and firm

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14
Q

How do leaves adapt to get light?

A

They have a large surface area for trapping light.

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15
Q

Why do 𝐄𝐩𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐬 produce a waxy layer and what is the waxy layer called?

A

They produce a waxy layer to stop the leaves from losing too much water.
The waxy layer is called (cuticle)

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16
Q

What is Stomata?

A

Stomata are small holes in a leaf

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17
Q

How do gases enter and leave the leaf?

A

By diffusion through open stomata

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18
Q

What is gas exchange?

A

The swapping of different gases

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19
Q

What are lipids?

A

Lipids is a group of insoluble substances that include fats and oils

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20
Q

Why do cuticles of a plant contain lipids?

A

To make it waterproof

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21
Q

What is broken down into small sugar molecules and transported to phloem vessels?

A

A polymer called starch

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22
Q

What are proteins?

A

Proteins are long chains of molecules called amino acids

23
Q

To make amino acids a plants needs a good suply of …

A

mineral salts called nitrates

24
Q

Are all enzymes proteins?

A

YES

25
Q

What do seeds contain?

A

a store of all the resources that a new seedling will need to grow

26
Q

What mineral salts do fertilizers contain?

A

Potassium
Phosphates
Nitrates

27
Q

What is Decomposers and it’s function?

A

Are microorganisms that break down manure and release the mineral salts

28
Q

What are the different Pesticides and what does the word “pesticide” mean?

A

Insecticides, Fungicides, Herbicides.

Pestacides kill pests (organisms that damage crops).

29
Q

What is a variety?

A

A variety is a group of plants that have been bred to have certain characteristics

30
Q

What is a way of creating a new variety? (explain what the answer is)

A

Cross-breeding- means when different varieties are bred with each other to produce an offspring that hopefully has the characteristics of both breds.

31
Q

What are the test of CO2?

A

Lime water - cloudy

Hydrogen carbonate - yellow

32
Q

How is inherited variation caused?

A

Offspring get a mixture of characteristics from their parents. Examples: eye colour, blood group…

33
Q

What is DNA and acronym for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

34
Q

What is stored in the genetic information?

A

The instructions for inherited characteristics

35
Q

What are examples of continuous variation?

A

Height, Skin colour

  • can be affected by enviromental factors
  • usually give a “bell shape” when plotted in a bar chart. This is known as Normal Distribution
36
Q

What are examples of discontinuous variation?

A

Blood group, dimpled chin, ability to roll your tongue

37
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

Variation that can have any value between two points is continuous variation

38
Q

What is discontinuous variation?

A

Variation that can only have a value from a limited set of possible values is discontinuous variation

39
Q

What are enviromental factors?

A

In all environments there are environmental factors that can change the organism

40
Q

What is variation?

A

The differences between the characteristics of organisms are known as variation

41
Q

What is environmental variation?

A
  • Environmental variation is caused by an organism’s environment
  • An organism’s surroundings are its environment
  • The features of an organism are its characteristics
42
Q

How do we use statistics and probability?

A
  • Statistics is collecting, analysing and presenting data

- Probability is the chance of something happening

43
Q

Examples of using statistics?

A
  • Collecting data
  • Presenting findings
  • Drawing conclusions
  • Making predictions
44
Q

How are probabilities shown?

A
  • Percentages
  • Decimals
  • Fractions
45
Q

Aswell as physical characteristics, what else can you inherit from your parents?

A

Some diseases and conditions are caused by the genetic information in our cells

46
Q

What are chromosomes?

A
  • DNA is found in tall structures called chromosomes in the nucleus of cells
  • Each chromosome contains one enormously long DNA molecule
  • Located at a specific locus on the chromosome
47
Q

What is DNA?

A
  • DNA stores genetic info., which controls inherited characteristics
  • Genetic info. is not stored in all parts of DNA molecules but only sections called genes
48
Q

What do genes control?

A
  • A few characteristics (such as blood group) as controlled by one gene
  • Most characteristics are controlled by many genes
49
Q

Why is preserving biodiversity important?

A
  • We lose opportunity to make use of species that become extinct
  • Extinction can also upset ecosystems and change food webs
  • We need to preserve the biodiversity on Earth
50
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do your cells contain?

A

Most of your cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 in total)

  • Girls have 2 X sex chromosomes, which are the same size
  • Boys have 1 X and one much smaller Y sex chromosome
51
Q

What do gametes contain?

A
  • Gamestes only contain 23 chromosomes

- When 2 gametes fuse, the resulting zygote has 46 chromosomes

52
Q

How can genetic info. cause extinction?

A
  • The adaptation of an organism are due to its genes
  • Changes in an ecosystem can affect species and area because they may no longer be so well adapted to the new conditions
53
Q

What are the causes of extinction? (for animals)

A

-Organisms can become endangered or even extinct

Examples:

  • Changes in physical environmental factors
  • Competition from other organism disease
  • Human activities (hunting, clearing habitats…)

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